Evaporative gas turbine cycles (EvGT) show an exceptionalexhaust heat recovery potential, which makes them a strongcompetitor to other advanced gas turbine cycles, especiallyfrom small to intermediate sizes. Evaporative gas turbines aredistinguished by humidifying the working fluid beforecombustion at temperatures below the boiling point of water;and the heat required for evaporation of water is partly takenout of the exhaust gas. Thus, humidification is a key operationin these cycles. This thesis investigates, both theoreticallyand experimentally, two alternative approaches tohumidification: the packed-bed humidification tower and thetubular humidifier. Both these equipments involvecountercurrent contact between water and the working fluid.Humidifier design criteria are developed and criticalparameters such as flooding, wetting rate and entrainment arediscussed. The experimental parts were carried out on thepacked-bed tower in the EvGT pilot plant, and on a tubularhumidifier test rig especially erected for this purpose. Thetheoretical models were confirmed by the experiments. The height of a transfer unit, necessary for designingpacked beds, was calculated for the packing employed in theEvGT pilot plant. It was found that the data provided by themanufacturer may be used with minor corrections. The tubular test rig operated satisfactorily delivering hothumid air. The theoretical models coincided well with theexperimental results, verifying the design criteria developedhere. The heat transfer calculations indicated that mostresistance to heat transfer is on the exhaust gas side. Thus, asurface extended tube (Sunrod) was used in the test rig. Itcould be concluded that the tubular humidifier is a strongalternative to the packed-bedtower, especially in smallhigh-pressure gas turbines. Furthermore, the importance of the non-ideality of theair-water vapor mixture in modeling evaporative cycles wasfirst highlighted in this work. Through applying realthermodynamic properties of air-water vapor mixtures in cyclecalculations, it was found that the compressed air contains ahigher amount of moisture than indicated by the ideal gasmixture model. This affects the design of the heat recoverysystem and cannot be neglected. <b>Key words:</b>evaporative gas turbine, indirect-fired gasturbine, humidification, packed bed, tubular humidifier,evaporator, saturator.

Development of variable speed horizontal axis wind turbines has resulted in a need for an analysis code with a rotor speed degree-of-freedom. This study develops a five degree-of-freedom time domain computer code that evaluates blade and rotor, mean and cyclic loads with nonlinear aerodynamics together with atmospheric turbulence as a forcing function. Verification of the model is made by comparison of loads predictions between ESI-80 wind turbine data and analytical solutions. Results show good agreement for mean and cyclic loads and teeter angle excursions. A single-blade point turbulence simulation model is optimized using a three-blade point turbulence simulation model. The optimum point is the 80% radius location, although a multiplying factor is needed to make conservative fatigue cycle predictions of blade bending. ESI-80 start-up and shutdown scenarios are examined, prediction trends matched ESI-80 data. Three generator models are investigated. Results show that generator torque cycles are reduced and yearly energy capture increased by 24% when a variable speed generator is implemented. / Graduation date: 1991

<p>With the present drive in turbomachine engine developmenttowards thinner and lighter bladings, closer spaced blade rowsand higher aerodynamic loads per blade row and blade, advanceddesign criteria and accurate prediction methods for vibrationalproblems such as forced response become increasingly importantin order to be able to address and avoid fatigue failures ofthe machine early in the design process. The present worksupports both the search for applicable design criteria and thedevelopment of advanced prediction methods for forced responsein transonic turbine stages. It is aimed at a betterunderstanding of the unsteady aerodynamic mechanisms thatgovern forced response in transonic turbine stages and furtherdevelopment of numerical methods for rotor stator interactionpredictions.</p><p>The investigation of the unsteady aerodynamic excitationmechanisms is based on numerical predictions of thethree-dimensional unsteady flow field in representative testturbine stages. It is conducted in three successive steps. Thefirst step is a documentation of the pressure perturbations onthe blade surface and the distortion sources in the bladepassage. This is performed in a phenomenological manner so thatthe observed pressure perturbations are related to thedistortion phenomena that are present in the blade passage. Thesecond step is the definition of applicable measures toquantify the pressure perturbation strength on the bladesurface. In the third step, the pressure perturbations areintegrated along the blade arc to obtain the dynamic bladeforce. The study comprises an investigation of operationvariations and addresses radial forcing variations. With thehelp of this bottom-up approach the basic forcing mechanisms oftransonic turbine stages are established and potential routesto control the aerodynamic forcing are presented.</p><p>For the computation of rotor stator interaction aerodynamicsfor stages with arbitrary pitch ratios a new numerical methodhas been developed, validated and demonstrated on a transonicturbine test stage. The method, which solves the unsteadythree-dimensional Euler equations, is formulated in thefour-dimensional time-space domain and the derivation of themethod is general such that both phase lagged boundaryconditions and moving grids are considered. Time-inclination isutilised to account for unequal pitchwise periodicity bydistributing time co-ordinates at grid nodes such that thephase lagged boundary conditions can be employed. The method isdemonstrated in a comparative study on a transonic turbinestage with a nominal non integer blade count ratio and anadjusted blade count ratio with a scaled rotor geometry. Thepredictions show significant differences in the blade pressureperturbation signal of the second vane passing frequency, whichwould motivate the application of the new method for rotorstator predictions with non-integer blade count ratios.</p>

<p>Evaporative gas turbine cycles (EvGT) show an exceptionalexhaust heat recovery potential, which makes them a strongcompetitor to other advanced gas turbine cycles, especiallyfrom small to intermediate sizes. Evaporative gas turbines aredistinguished by humidifying the working fluid beforecombustion at temperatures below the boiling point of water;and the heat required for evaporation of water is partly takenout of the exhaust gas. Thus, humidification is a key operationin these cycles. This thesis investigates, both theoreticallyand experimentally, two alternative approaches tohumidification: the packed-bed humidification tower and thetubular humidifier. Both these equipments involvecountercurrent contact between water and the working fluid.Humidifier design criteria are developed and criticalparameters such as flooding, wetting rate and entrainment arediscussed. The experimental parts were carried out on thepacked-bed tower in the EvGT pilot plant, and on a tubularhumidifier test rig especially erected for this purpose. Thetheoretical models were confirmed by the experiments.</p><p>The height of a transfer unit, necessary for designingpacked beds, was calculated for the packing employed in theEvGT pilot plant. It was found that the data provided by themanufacturer may be used with minor corrections.</p><p>The tubular test rig operated satisfactorily delivering hothumid air. The theoretical models coincided well with theexperimental results, verifying the design criteria developedhere. The heat transfer calculations indicated that mostresistance to heat transfer is on the exhaust gas side. Thus, asurface extended tube (Sunrod) was used in the test rig. Itcould be concluded that the tubular humidifier is a strongalternative to the packed-bedtower, especially in smallhigh-pressure gas turbines.</p><p>Furthermore, the importance of the non-ideality of theair-water vapor mixture in modeling evaporative cycles wasfirst highlighted in this work. Through applying realthermodynamic properties of air-water vapor mixtures in cyclecalculations, it was found that the compressed air contains ahigher amount of moisture than indicated by the ideal gasmixture model. This affects the design of the heat recoverysystem and cannot be neglected.</p><p><b>Key words:</b>evaporative gas turbine, indirect-fired gasturbine, humidification, packed bed, tubular humidifier,evaporator, saturator.</p>

Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Dynamique des fluides : Toulouse, INPT : 2005. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. 156 réf.

Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Dynamique des fluides : Toulouse, INPT : 2004. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. 53 réf.

Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Génie des procédés et de l'environnement : Toulouse, INPT : 2007. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. 93 réf.

Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Dynamique des fluides : Toulouse, INPT : 2007. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. 273 réf.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Open University. BLDSC no. DX218866.

Thesis (M.S. in Electrical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2009. / Thesis Advisor(s): Julian, Alexander L. Second Reader: Cristi, Roberto. "December 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 28, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Double Fed Induction Generator (DFIG), Space Vector Modulation (SVM), wind turbine, Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), bi-directional power flow. Includes bibliographical references (p. 75). Also available in print.