In recent years, space-time block coding (STBC) has emerged as an effective transmit-diversity technique to combat the detrimental effects of channel fading. In addition to STBC, high-order modulation schemes will be used in future wireless communication systems aiming to provide ubiquitous-broadband wireless access. Hence, advanced receiver schemes are necessary to achieve high performance. In this thesis, advanced and computationally-efficient receiver schemes are investigated and developed for single-carrier space-time (ST) block-coded transmissions over frequency-selective fading (FSF) channels. First, we develop an MMSE-based turbo equalization scheme for Alamouti ST block-coded systems. A semi-analytical method to estimate the bit error rate (BER) is devised. Our results show that the proposed turbo equalization scheme offers significant performance improvements over one-pass equalization. Second, we analyze the convergence behavior of the proposed turbo equalization scheme for Alamouti ST block-coded systems using the extrinsic information transfer (EXIT)-band chart technique. Third, burst-wise (BW)-STBC is applied for uplink transmission over FSF channels in block-spread-CDMA systems with multiuser interference-free reception. The performances of different decision feedback sequence estimation (DFSE) schemes are investigated. A new scheme combining frequency-domain (FD) linear equalization and modified unwhitened-DFSE is proposed. The proposed scheme is very promising as the error-floor behavior observed in the existing unwhitened DFSE schemes is eliminated. Fourth, we develop a FD-MMSE-based turbo equalization scheme for the downlink of ST block-coded CDMA systems. We adopt BW-STBC instead of Alamouti symbol-wise (SW)-STBC considered for WCDMA systems and demonstrate its superior performance in FSF channels. Block spreading is shown to be more desirable than conventional spreading to improve performance using turbo equalization. We also devise approximate implementations (AprxImpls) that offer better trade-offs between performance and complexity. Semi-analytical upper bounds on the BER are derived. Fifth, turbo multicode detection is investigated for ST block-coded downlink transmission in DS-CDMA systems. We propose symbol-by-symbol and chip-by-chip FD-MMSE-based multicode detectors. An iterative channel estimation scheme is also proposed. The proposed turbo multicode detection scheme offers significant performance improvements compared with non-iterative multicode detection. Finally, the impact of channel estimation errors on the performance of MMSE-based turbo equalization in ST block-coded CDMA systems is investigated.

In recent years, space-time block coding (STBC) has emerged as an effective transmit-diversity technique to combat the detrimental effects of channel fading. In addition to STBC, high-order modulation schemes will be used in future wireless communication systems aiming to provide ubiquitous-broadband wireless access. Hence, advanced receiver schemes are necessary to achieve high performance. In this thesis, advanced and computationally-efficient receiver schemes are investigated and developed for single-carrier space-time (ST) block-coded transmissions over frequency-selective fading (FSF) channels. First, we develop an MMSE-based turbo equalization scheme for Alamouti ST block-coded systems. A semi-analytical method to estimate the bit error rate (BER) is devised. Our results show that the proposed turbo equalization scheme offers significant performance improvements over one-pass equalization. Second, we analyze the convergence behavior of the proposed turbo equalization scheme for Alamouti ST block-coded systems using the extrinsic information transfer (EXIT)-band chart technique. Third, burst-wise (BW)-STBC is applied for uplink transmission over FSF channels in block-spread-CDMA systems with multiuser interference-free reception. The performances of different decision feedback sequence estimation (DFSE) schemes are investigated. A new scheme combining frequency-domain (FD) linear equalization and modified unwhitened-DFSE is proposed. The proposed scheme is very promising as the error-floor behavior observed in the existing unwhitened DFSE schemes is eliminated. Fourth, we develop a FD-MMSE-based turbo equalization scheme for the downlink of ST block-coded CDMA systems. We adopt BW-STBC instead of Alamouti symbol-wise (SW)-STBC considered for WCDMA systems and demonstrate its superior performance in FSF channels. Block spreading is shown to be more desirable than conventional spreading to improve performance using turbo equalization. We also devise approximate implementations (AprxImpls) that offer better trade-offs between performance and complexity. Semi-analytical upper bounds on the BER are derived. Fifth, turbo multicode detection is investigated for ST block-coded downlink transmission in DS-CDMA systems. We propose symbol-by-symbol and chip-by-chip FD-MMSE-based multicode detectors. An iterative channel estimation scheme is also proposed. The proposed turbo multicode detection scheme offers significant performance improvements compared with non-iterative multicode detection. Finally, the impact of channel estimation errors on the performance of MMSE-based turbo equalization in ST block-coded CDMA systems is investigated.

In recent years, space-time block coding (STBC) has emerged as an effective transmit-diversity technique to combat the detrimental effects of channel fading. In addition to STBC, high-order modulation schemes will be used in future wireless communication systems aiming to provide ubiquitous-broadband wireless access. Hence, advanced receiver schemes are necessary to achieve high performance. In this thesis, advanced and computationally-efficient receiver schemes are investigated and developed for single-carrier space-time (ST) block-coded transmissions over frequency-selective fading (FSF) channels. First, we develop an MMSE-based turbo equalization scheme for Alamouti ST block-coded systems. A semi-analytical method to estimate the bit error rate (BER) is devised. Our results show that the proposed turbo equalization scheme offers significant performance improvements over one-pass equalization. Second, we analyze the convergence behavior of the proposed turbo equalization scheme for Alamouti ST block-coded systems using the extrinsic information transfer (EXIT)-band chart technique. Third, burst-wise (BW)-STBC is applied for uplink transmission over FSF channels in block-spread-CDMA systems with multiuser interference-free reception. The performances of different decision feedback sequence estimation (DFSE) schemes are investigated. A new scheme combining frequency-domain (FD) linear equalization and modified unwhitened-DFSE is proposed. The proposed scheme is very promising as the error-floor behavior observed in the existing unwhitened DFSE schemes is eliminated. Fourth, we develop a FD-MMSE-based turbo equalization scheme for the downlink of ST block-coded CDMA systems. We adopt BW-STBC instead of Alamouti symbol-wise (SW)-STBC considered for WCDMA systems and demonstrate its superior performance in FSF channels. Block spreading is shown to be more desirable than conventional spreading to improve performance using turbo equalization. We also devise approximate implementations (AprxImpls) that offer better trade-offs between performance and complexity. Semi-analytical upper bounds on the BER are derived. Fifth, turbo multicode detection is investigated for ST block-coded downlink transmission in DS-CDMA systems. We propose symbol-by-symbol and chip-by-chip FD-MMSE-based multicode detectors. An iterative channel estimation scheme is also proposed. The proposed turbo multicode detection scheme offers significant performance improvements compared with non-iterative multicode detection. Finally, the impact of channel estimation errors on the performance of MMSE-based turbo equalization in ST block-coded CDMA systems is investigated. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of / Graduate

L'utilisation de la modulation à phase continue (CPM) est particulièrement intéressante lorsque le canal de communication comporte une forte non-linéarité et un support spectral limité, en particulier pour la voie aller, lorsque l'on dispose d'un amplificateur par porteuse à bord du satellite, et pour la voie retour où le terminal d'émission travaille à saturation. De nombreuses études ont été effectuées sur le sujet mais les solutions proposées reposent sur la démodulation/décodage itératif des CPM couplées à un code correcteur d'erreur de type convolutif ou bloc. L'utilisation de codes LDPC n'a pas été à ce jour abordée de façon précise. En particulier, il n'existe pas à notre connaissance de travaux sur l'optimisation des codes basés sur des graphes creux adaptés à ce type de schémas. Dans cette étude, nous proposons d'effectuer l'analyse asymptotique et le design d'un schéma Turbo-CPM basé sur des graphes creux. Une étude du récepteur associé comportant les fonctions de démodulation sera également effectuée. / The use of the continuous phase modulation (CPM) is interesting when the channel represents a strong non-linearity and in the case of limited spectral support; particularly for the uplink, where the satellite holds an amplifier per carrier, and for downlinks where the terminal equipment works very close to the saturation region. Numerous studies have been conducted on this issue but the proposed solutions use iterative CPM demodulation/decoding concatenated with convolutional or block error correcting codes. The use of LDPC codes has not yet been introduced. Particularly, no works, to our knowledge, have been done on the optimization of sparse graph-based codes adapted for the context described here. In this study, we propose to perform the asymptotic analysis and the design of turbo-CPM systems based on the optimization of sparse graph-based codes. Moreover, an analysis on the corresponding receiver will be done.

Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution (EDGE) is one of the 3G wireless communication standards, which provides higher data rates by adopting 8-PSK modulation in TDMA system infrastructure of GSM. In this thesis, a turbo detection receiver for Enhanced General Packet Radio Services (EGPRS) system, which is the packet switching mode of EDGE, is studied. In turbo detection, equalization and channel decoding are performed iteratively. Due to 8-ary alphabet of EGPRS modulation, full state trellis based equalization, as usually performed in GSM, is too complex not only for turbo detection but even for conventional equalization / so suboptimum schemes have to be considered. The Delayed Decision Feedback Sequence Estimation (DDFSE) is chosen as suboptimal and less complex trellis based scheme and it is examined as a conventional equalization technique firstly. It is shown that the DDFSE has a fine tradeoff between performance and complexity and can be a promising candidate for EGPRS. Then it is employed to reduce the number of the trellis state in turbo detection. Max-log-MAP algorithm is used for soft output calculations of both SISO equalizer and SISO decoder. Simulation results illustrate that proposed turbo detection structure improves bit error rate and block error rate performance of the receiver with respect to the conventional equalization and decoding scheme. The iteration gain varies depending on modulation type and coding rate of Modulation Coding Scheme (MCS) employed in EGPRS.

Les standards « Long-term evolution » (LTE) et LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) devraient influencer fortement l’avenir de la cinquième génération (5G) des réseaux mobiles. Ces normes exigent de hauts débits de données et une qualité de service de très bon niveau, ce qui permet d’assurer un faible taux d’erreur, avec une faible latence. Par ailleurs, la complexité doit être limitée. Dans le but de déterminer des solutions technologiques modernes qui satisfont ces contraintes fortes, nous étudions dans la thèse des systèmes de communication sans fil MIMO codés. D’abord, nous imposons un simple code convolutif récursif systématique (RSC) pour limiter la complexité et la latence. En considérant des récepteurs itératifs, nous optimisons alors la performance en termes de taux d’erreur de ces systèmes en définissant un précodage linéaire MIMO et des techniques de mapping appropriées. Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, nous remplaçons le RSC par un LDPC non-binaire (NB-LDPC). Nous proposons d’utiliser les techniques de précodage MIMO afin de réduire la complexité des récepteurs des systèmes MIMO intégrant des codes NB-LDPC. Enfin, nous proposons également un nouvel algorithme de décodage itératif à faible complexité adapté aux codes NB-LDPC. / The long-term evolution (LTE) and the LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) standardizations are predicted to play essential roles in the future fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks. These standardizations require high data rate and high quality of service, which assures low error-rate and low latency. Besides, as discussed in the recent surveys, low complexity communication systems are also essential in the next 5G mobile networks. To adapt to the modern trend of technology, in this PhD thesis, we investigate the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication schemes. In the first part of this thesis, low-complex forward error correction (FEC) codes are used for low complexity and latency. By considering iterative receivers at the receiver side, we exploit MIMO linear precoding and mapping methods to optimize the error-rate performance of these systems. In the second part of this thesis, non-binary low density parity check (NB-LDPC) codes are investigated. We propose to use MIMO precoders to reduce the complexity for NB-LDPC encoded MIMO systems. A novel low complexity decoding algorithm for NB-LDPC codes is also proposed at the end of this thesis.

Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude théorique et à la conception pratique de schémas de codage conjoint réseau/canal adaptés à différents scénarii de communications dans les réseaux sans fil. Contrairement aux hypothèses conventionnelles retenues dans la littérature (accès multiple orthogonal, absence d'erreurs sur certains liens), les caractéristiques de diffusion et de superposition des signaux propres au canal radio et la présence d'évanouissements lents et de bruit sur tous les liens sont prises en compte dans la formulation du problème et exploitées. Différentes stratégies de coopération au niveau du ou des relais sont examinées et comparées. Le point commun entre toutes ces stratégies est que le système doit fonctionner même en absence de coopération. Seuls le ou les relais et la destination sont informés d'une coopération. Ni les sources, ni le ou les relais ne connaissent l'état du canal à l'émission.
Le premier volet de la thèse porte sur le canal à accès multiple avec relais unique (slow fading MARC). Le problème du codage et décodage conjoint canal/réseau (JNCC/JNCD) est étudié sur un plan théorique et pratique. Différentes hypothèses au niveau de l'accès multiple (semi-orthogonal et non-orthogonal) et différents modes de fonctionnement du relais (half-duplex et full-duplex) sont envisagés. Une nouvelle stratégie de coopération adaptative (SDF pour selective decode and forward) est définie dans laquelle le relais calcule et retransmet une fonction déterministe des messages de sources qu'il a pu décoder sans erreur. Le ré-encodage, défini sur un corps fini (corps binaire), est également conçu de manière à assurer que la performance finale au niveau de la destination atteint bien un ordre de diversité 2.
Le modèle de canal MARC est par la suite étendu à plusieurs relais (slow fading MAMRC). Une analyse théorique est conduite et des nouveaux schémas JNCC/JNCD permettant de s'approcher des limites théoriques sont décrits. Afin d'assurer la diversité pleine, nous proposons de combiner un codage canal binaire et un codage réseau non-binaire.
Pour les deux types de canaux, nous montrons que l'interférence naturellement induite par la diffusion des signaux dans un environnement sans fil, n'est pas un inconvénient mais bien un avantage dès lors qu'on est en mesure de la traiter via des techniques de codage et de décodage sophistiquées (turbo codes et leur décodage, turbo détection). Les gains en termes de capacité (rapportée à une certaine probabilité de coupure) obtenus avec un accès multiple semi-orthogonal ou non-orthogonal sont substantiels comparés à un accès multiple orthogonal (référence).
Dans la dernière partie de la thèse, la stratégie de coopération SDF est comparée à deux autres stratégies de coopération s'appuyant sur un procédé de décodage-et-retransmission "souple" (sans prise de décisions intermédiaires) : l'une basée sur les rapports logarithmiques de probabilité a posteriori sur les bits codés et l'autre basée sur l'estimation de l'erreur quadratique moyenne (MSE). Nous vérifions que la stratégie de coopération SDF fonctionne bien dans la plupart des configurations, les stratégies de coopération souples n'améliorant légèrement les performances que dans certains cas extrêmes. / With the rapid growth of wireless technologies, devices and mobile applications, the quest of high throughput and ubiquitous connectivity in wireless communications increases rapidly as well. Relaying is undoubtedly a key concept to provide coverage extension and capacity increase in wireless networks. Network coding, which allows the intermediate nodes to share their computation capabilities in addition to their resource and their power, has grabbed a significant research attention since its inception in information theory. It has become an attractive candidate to bring promising performance improvement, especially in terms of throughput, in relay-based cellular networks. Substantial research efforts are currently focused on theoretical analysis, implementation and evaluation of network coding from a physical layer perspective. The question is, what is the most efficient and practical way to use network coding in wireless relay-based networks, and whether it is beneficial to exploit the broadcast and multiple-access properties of the wireless medium to perform network coding. It is in such a context, that this thesis proceeds. In the first part of the thesis, the problem of Joint Network-Channel Coding (JNCC) for a Multiple Access Relay Channel (MARC) is investigated in the presence of multiple access interferences and for both of the relay operating modes, namely, half-duplex and full-duplex. To this end, three new classes of MARC, referred to as Half-Duplex Semi-Orthogonal MARC (HD-SOMARC), Half-Duplex Non-Orthogonal MARC (HD-NOMARC), and Full-Duplex Non-Orthogonal MARC (FD-NOMARC) have been introduced and studied. The relaying function in all of the classes is based on a Selective Decode-and-Forward (SDF) strategy, which is individually implemented for each source, i.e, the relay forwards only a deterministic function of the error-free decoded messages. For each class, an information-theoretic analysis is conducted, and practical coding and decoding techniques are proposed. The proposed coding schemes, perform very close to the outage limit for both cases of HD-SOMARC and HD-NOMARC. Besides, in the case of HD-NOMARC, the optimal allocation of the transmission time to the relay is considered. It is also verified that exploiting multiple access interferences, either partially or totally, results in considerable gains for MARC compared to the existing interference-avoiding structures, even in the case of single receive antenna. In the second part of the thesis, the network model is extended by considering multiple relays which help multiple sources to communicate with a destination. A new class of Multiple Access Multiple Relay Channel (MAMRC), referred to as Half-Duplex Semi-Orthogonal MAMRC (HD-SOMAMRC) is then proposed and analyzed from both information theoretic and code design perspective. New practical JNCC schemes are proposed, in which binary channel coding and non binary network coding are combined, and they are shown to perform very close to the outage limit. Moreover, the optimal allocation of the transmission time to the sources and relays is considered. Finally, in the third part of the thesis, different ways of implementing cooperation, including practical relaying protocols are investigated for the half-duplex MARC with semi-orthogonal transmission protocol and in the case of JNCC. The hard SDF approach is compared with two Soft Decode and Forward (SoDF) relaying functions: one based on log a posterior probability ratios (LAPPRs) and the other based on Mean Square Error (MSE) estimate. It is then shown that SDF works well in most of the configurations and just in some extreme cases, soft relaying functions (based on LAPPR or MSE estimate) can slightly outperform the hard selective one.