SP 5075 (now commercially available as "Legacy" was evaluated as a post emergence herbicide on both non-overseeded and overseeded Tifway bermudagrass turf. From October 2007, to April 2008, monthly application rates of Legacy (alone) were applied at SP5075 @ 14.7 oz/product/acre, 22.1 oz/product/acre and at 29.4 oz/product/acre, along with SP5075 @ 14.7 oz/product/acre & Cutless @ 8.0 oz/product/acre, Primo Maxx alone at 22 oz/product/acre, and Cutless alone at 16 oz/product/acre. Chemical product applications did not affect emergence and treatments containing the formulated product of Legacy showed no inhibition. All treatments had enhanced turfgrass color over the UTC (untreated control) throughout all eight months of the test. The high rate of Legacy exhibited a brief decrease in density, color and quality form late November and into December. The high rate of Legacy produced the least amount of Poa annua cover, the greatest unmowed height suppression, the greatest seed head suppression and vegetative weed control of all treatments, and produced the least discontinuous surface. Cutless alone produced similar turf and Poa annua effects as the tank mix of Legacy at the low rate plus the inclusion of Cutless at 8.0 oz /prod/acre. The high rate of Legacy did not eliminate flowering, but postponed flowering of Poa annua well past the flushes of the UTC, noting that there was much less Poa annua present from this treatment when overseeded. Primo Maxx alone caused minimal seed head suppression of Poa annua, and minimal weed control of total Poa cover and seed heads. Best estimates of transition occurred on 30 June 2008, were treated overseeded turfs ranged from 58% to 80% bermudagrass cover, with 80% cover for Primo alone, with Cutless alone having 58% bermudagrass (UTC = 84%). Since the medium rate of Legacy produced similar Poa activity effects with better turf quality after overseeding (but then decreased in Poa activity afterwards), applications of the medium rate from initial overseed followed by subsequent applications at the high rate starting in January should be investigated for economic, turf performance and weed control performance.

Soccer accounts for a third of the Swedish sports movement with 3 503 fields of both natural and artificial turf. The European Union will make a decision in 2021 on how to handle the issue of rubber performance infill. This infill can be found in artificial turf fields and are used for performance properties. The problem with this infill is the microplastics that spreads into the nature which is considered as toxic. Because of this the EU have decided to either ban or provide mandatory rules to reduce the spread of rubber performance infill. The north and the majority of Sweden’s climate is not adapted for play of soccer on natural turf according to FIFA, and EU want to ban or provide mandatory rules for artificial turfs. This action from the EU can perturb the entire Swedish sports movement since soccer accounts for a third of that movement. This study was therefore created to show if artificial turf fields are as bad for the environment as rumours has said compared with the natural turfs. To investigate this, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed regarding the global warming potential (GWP) and embodied water consumption for three different field types: an artificial turf field with recycled SBR, an artificial turf field with cork and a natural turf field. The result visualised that a natural turf field had the highest embodied water consumption and the highest impact on the GWP of a ten-year life cycle while the artificial turf field with recycled SBR had the least embodied water consumption and the least impact on the GWP. The findings of this LCA were that Sweden for the moment is dependent on artificial turf and the rubber performance infill, since the material properties are the best adapted to their climate. Therefore, a ban would be a risk for the Swedish sports movement. It was also revealed that natural turf fields in Sweden consumes at least 50 % municipal drinking water when irrigate. The high GWP impact came from the production of fertilisers (NPK). This report has shown how artificial turf and natural turf can work together in an industrial symbiosis by making the artificial turf field constructed to collect rainwater and use that water to irrigate the natural turf with.

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2 pp. / The most difficult part of conversion from a lawn to a low water (xeriscape) landscape is the removal of a lawn. By removing a Bermuda grass lawn, it is estimated that water savings of 50 -75% is possible. Potential water savings comes from the fact that water is applied to a limited amount of total yard space, compared to the greater water needs of a continuous grass-covered area. Also, by planting low water use plants, less maintenance is required and substantial cost savings can be realized. Turf removal and subsequent weed suppression is achievable using readily available herbicides.

3 pp. / Similar Fact Sheets for Payson & Flagstaff / This publication is intended as a brief Fact Sheet that provides estimates of turfgrass consumptive use for Prescott.

3 pp. / Similar titles for Payson and Prescott / This publication is intended to be a brief Fact Sheet that provides estimates of turf consumptive use for the Flagstaff area. The publication should find utility in both irrigation management and water resource management and planning.

Three 12-year-old Prosopis chilensis were successfully layered in spring and late summer. The best rooting occurred with 1 cm stems treated with either 5,000 or 15,000 ppm IBA. Air-layers treated with IBA had a higher rooting rate and better root quality than untreated air-layers.

Flower bud abortion, or "blasting" was shown to be at least partially caused by treating plants with ethephon, a chemical that releases ethylene. In floricultural greenhouses, ethylene could accumulate to levels that could induce commercially significant levels of flower bud injury. Silver thiosulfate (STS) was shown to be a potent inhibitor of ethephon injury. STS at (1 to 2 mM) could be applied as early as the visible bud stage (approximately 5 to 6 weeks before flowering) without phytotoxic effects. Using current silver prices, the material cost for our treatment is less than 0.4 cents per plant. Based on these results, a preventative STS application could potentially reduce much of the flower bud abortion seen in commercial greenhouses.

Scarification and stratification requirements of Mexican redbud and evergreen sumac seeds and the effects of temperature on Mexican redbud evergreen sumac, and mealy sage seed germination were investigated. The maximum predicted germination from a quadratic response surface was 94.9% after 62 minutes scarification and 35 days stratification for Mexican redbud and 59.3% after 52 minutes scarification and 73 days stratification for evergreen sumac. Mexican redbud seeds germinated from 23.8 to 30.5 C, evergreen sumac from 20.8 to 30.6 C, and mealy sage from 20.6 to 34.2 C. Maxium predicted final percent germination and the temperature at which it occurred for Mexican redbud, mealy sage, and evergreen sumac was 104.2 at 27.5 C, 89.8 at 29.2 C, and 42.4 at 22.1 C, respectively

Desert willow and yellow bells had a higher capacity to avoid drought than fruitless mulberry under moist conditions, but the reverse was true under dry conditions. Desert willow and yellow bells had a higher tolerance to dehydration than fruitless mulberry, resulting in a higher relative resistance to drought under either moist or dry conditions. Detached leaves from desert willow and yellow bells plants grown under stress restricted water loss better than those grown under no stress. Fruitless mulberry leaves lost water at essentially the same rate regardless of irrigation.