The transition from perennial ryegrass back to bermudagrass is often problematic. Prolonged periods of ryegrass persistence and/or loss of complete turf is troublesome and not favorable to the re-establishment of the bermudagrass base. A group of select herbicides were applied in May 2000, to assess their response to enhance the removal of perennial ryegrass, and to enhance recovery of the bermudagrass. CORSAIR (Chlorosufuron) applied at 1.0 ounce/product/acre resulted in reduced turfgrass quality from three to six weeks after treatment, with a decrease in color at three weeks. This treatment caused moderate suppression of the turf and an enhanced transition from perennial ryegrass to Tifway (419). MANOR (Metsulfuron) applied at 0.4 ounce/product/acre caused a slight growth suppression, acceptable turfgrass color, but a noticeable decrease in turfgrass quality up to six weeks after application. MANOR increased turf density and minimized scalping by seven weeks after treatment (July 24, 2000) SURFLAN when applied at 1.5 lb AI/A, produced acceptable quality turf, no visible growth suppression, acceptable overseed turf quality and color. SURFLAN did not provide any affect as a transition agent in this test. KERB did not greatly enhance transition, and was slightly more effective at 0.5 lb AI/A, than at the 1.0 lb AI/A rate. Both rates of KERB produced acceptable turfgrass color throughout the test. Turfgrass quality diminished to low levels from July 18 to July 24, ranking lowest in quality. KERB treated turf tended to "scalp" more than other treated turfs and thinned the grass at the high rate of 0.50 lb AI/A. FIRST RATE applied at 75 grams AI/hectare caused slight visible suppression for two weeks after treatment, an acceptable quality turf (on six of seven evaluation dates), acceptable turfgrass color and turf density. FIRST RATE did enhance transition, but less so than CORSAIR, possibly less than MANOR, and certainly less than AEF 130630. PROXY was applied on four dates (four, three, two, and zero weeks prior to June 3), selected as a "calendar target" dates observe transition. PROXY when applied on May 13, provided a short transition effect, for a period of about two weeks. Applications made later had little effect whatsoever, on Spring transition back to bermudagrass. From May 19 to June 5, the two "early" applications of PROXY, generally increased turfgrass color and quality scores, most likely by having a PGR response on perennial ryegrass. AEF 130630 readily enhanced Spring transition from perennial ryegrass to Tifway (419) bermudagrass, especially in May and June. All three application rates caused visual suppression of the turf from May 19 until June 5 . Turfgrass color and quality were affected by AEF 130630. The maximum expression occurred for the 0.42 ounce/product/M rate by May 25 (which remained until at least June 5). Mean color scores here were 5.3, on both dates. The high rate 0.64 ounce/product/M actually caused less color reductions in the turf (perhaps as a function of the quicker removal of ryegrass). Reduced turf quality resulted three weeks after treatment for both the low and high rates (means = 5.0). The turf was similar to that of the control plots, afterwards, and superior by both middle and late July time periods.

Spring transition of overseeded turf has become a major challenge to turfgrass managers in the southern United States. Turf-type ryegrasses which exhibit increased mowing and heat tolerance have made the return of bermudagrass problematic, especially in common bermudagrass. Herbicides were evaluated for use as a Spring transition agent to decrease ryegrass competition/enhance bermudagrass. Treatments of TADS 14776 experimental herbicide, Manor, Kerb and Corsair were applied to overseeded common bermudagrass on may 6, 2001. Application of TADS experimental herbicide at all rates above 0.21 ounce/product increased bermuda enhancement over Kerb, Corsair and Manor, by 29 June 2001. When applied with extra fertilizer applications, the 0.21 ounce rate of TADS was greater than that of Kerb, Corsair and Manor for bermuda transition. TADS applied at the highest rate of 0.64 ounce (+) fertilizer, and TADS @ 0.42 ounce (+) GENAPOL 150 surfactant and extra plot fertilizer, were the first treatments to exhibit total necrosis of the perennial ryegrass overseed by 4 June (1 month after treatment). However, these treatments created a poorer quality turf, compared to other treatments. TADS @ 0.42 ounce (+) extra plot fertilizer ranked highest in bermudagrass plot cover, with five times as much bermudagrass present than untreated controls on 29 May. This same treatment continued with this trend, achieving 100% bermudagrass cover by 29 June (highly desirable). This treatment resulted in a brief decrease in turfgrass quality at 9 and 16 days after treatment (14 May, 21 May). With that in mind, TADS @ 0.42 ounce (+) extra plot nitrogen proved to be the best treatment that produced acceptable levels of turf quality throughout the transition, yielding the fastest re-establishment of the underlying common bermudagrass. At the close of the test on 10 July, TADS @ 0.21 ounce (+) fertilizer and TADS @ 0.42 ounce (+) fertilizer closed with 88% and 99% bermudagrass cover, and mean quality scores of 6.0 and 7.0 respectively. At the close of the test, untreated overseeded common bermudagrass yielded unacceptable turf quality, 19% bermudagrass cover, 14% living green ryegrass cover, with the remainder being dead ryegrass (straw).

Five sulfonylurea urea herbicides and one PGR were applied to a Tifgreen bermudagrass putting green to determine their response as spring applied transition aids to enhance the removal of Poa trivialis ovrseed. All sufonyl urea herbicide caused marginal to extreme injury to Poa trivialis by 9 DAT, which lasted at least a minimum of 3 weeks. Manor caused the least amount of injury and discoloration, but had little effect in promoting the transition back to bermudagrass. Tranxit caused extreme plot injury (leaf bronzing), but forced transition. The injury resulted in unacceptable quality. Embark PGR enhanced transition at 9 DAT only, with acceptable quality. After a second application of Emark, quality was reduced to sub-marginal levels, which was caused by straw colored leaf sheaths. TADS increased Bermuda transition at 9 DAT, but not at 23 DAT, regardless of the addition of fungicides, or not. The addition of fungicides to TADS in general did not affect color, quality or turf transition, with the exception on Jens 7 (38 DAT) when the lower rate (0.10 ounce/p/M) with fungicide had excellent quality (6.8) due to readily observed visual density (7.5). Trifloxysulfuron caused increased transition at 9 DAT only, and developed moderate turf injury, as well as poor turf color at 9 and 23 DAT. All entries produce turfs with good color, quality and density by 31 July. After a standard aerification and topdressing, and fertilization with 1.5 lbs of additional -N- / M. No treatments produced enhanced transition without marginal to unacceptable turf performance. TADS at 0.10 ounce/p/M were safer to the turf than was the 0.20 ounce/p/M rate of TADS.

No description available.

Increasing irrigation efficiency on turfgrass could help reduce water consumption on large turf facilities. Two experiments were conducted using perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne (L.) Derby) to evaluate the potential of using remote sensing to estimate turf water status, predict daily evapotranspiration (ET), and estimate turf biomass. In the first experiment a crop water stress index, utilizing remotely sensed canopy temperature, were used to schedule irrigations on 6 of 10 drainage lysimeters. Three of the remaining lysimeters were irrigated used on meteorological estimates of ET calculated using a modified Penman equation. The results of this experiment were inconclusive due to inconsistent lysimeter drainage characteristics. The second experiment was conducted on a turf green with multiple heights to evaluate the potential for using canopy radiance to estimate turf biomass. These results showed that turf biomass could be estimated from a vegetative index (Red Ratio = Near Infrared/Red radiance) obtained through measurements of canopy radiance (r2 = 0.91).

This item was digitized as part of the Million Books Project led by Carnegie Mellon University and supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF). Cornell University coordinated the participation of land-grant and agricultural libraries in providing historical agricultural information for the digitization project; the University of Arizona Libraries, the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and the Office of Arid Lands Studies collaborated in the selection and provision of material for the digitization project.

No description available.

Ryegrass cultivars, experimental accessions, blends and composite mixtures were tested for overall adaptation to overseeded turfgrass management practices under desert conditions. Entries were significantly different from each other for color and overall turfgrass quality. Gennplasm for overseeding differs for tolerance to close mowing under desert conditions. In most cases, the better adapted entries had superior scores in two years of testing.

No description available.

Salinity stress predisposed cultivar Penncross creeping bentgrass to cottony blight caused by Pythium aphanidennatum at two temperature regimes. At 25-32 C, complete necrosis of all inoculated plants occurred at electrical conductivity (Ec) levels from 4.3-7.1 ds/m in 2 days, whereas at Ec levels of 0.5-2.8 ds/m death occurred within 3 days. At 25-27 C, complete necrosis of all inoculated plants occurred at Ec levels from 4.3-7.1 ds /m within a period of 5 days; no death was observed in control or inoculated plants at an Ec level of 0.5 ds/m. Increased salinity levels apparently affected the bentgrass rather than P. aphanidermatum. Mycelia' growth rate of the fungus was increased only slightly by salinity levels up to 7.1 ds/m. Zoospore production of P. aphanidermatum and two other species of Pythium decreased with increasing salinity levels up to 7.1 ds/m; production was completely inhibited at 14.2 ds/m.