Khakiweed (Alternanthera pungens) was treated late in the season with select herbicides for initial screening of herbicides for post emergence control. Treatments were applied on October 7, 2004 and evaluated five weeks after treatment on Nov 16, 2004. The F ratio for the treatment main affect was highly significant for percent weed control. All rate affect contrasts were not significant for those treatments applied at two or more active ingredient levels. The "S.U. herbicides" vs. "all others" contrast was significant at P=0.05, as the S.U.. chemicals as a whole provided better coverage than the 2-4, D type and Penoxsulam. Percent weed control ranged from 7% to 99% late season control of Khakiweed. There were noticeable differences between S.U. products, as Revolver provided minimal weed control (7%) while Manor and Monument provided very good to excellent control (94% to 99%). Both Manor rates resulted in 99% control, while the three rates of Monument produced 94%-98% mean percent weed control values. Penoxsulam was intermediate, providing 56% and 70% control for the SC and G formulations, respectively. Banvel, 2-4, D and Buctril produced 22%-24% Khakiweed control. Tranxit had minimal affect (12%), as did Revolver at 6%.

Flazasulfuron and rimsulfuron were the most active in removing ryegrass within two weeks of application. Chlorsulfuron and the higher rates of foramsulfuron and trifloxysulfuron were moderately active in removing ryegrass. Sulfosulfuron, metsulfuron, and the lower rate of foramsulfuron were least active. All treatments including the untreated check had transitioned nearly completely in six weeks. Flazasulfuron, rimsulfuron, metsulfuron, chlorsulfuron, and sulfosulfuron treatments did not vary significantly between low and high rates that were tested. The higher rates of foramsulfuron and trifloxysulfuron were significantly more effective than the low rates that were tested. Flazasulfuron was the most injurious and delayed bermudagrass transition.

Sequential applications of 45 gm AI/A tended to show more Poa annua suppression than 30 + 30 gm AI/A or 60 + 30 gm AI/A. Velocity applied twice at a 1 week interval showed slightly greater Poa annua suppression than when applications were made 2 or 3 weeks apart. Poa annua control was marginally acceptable at one of two sites when sequential applications were made at a 1 week interval.

Velocity at 40 gm a.i./A was more active than 20 gm a.i./A which was more active than 10 gm a.i./A. Velocity at 40 gm a.i./A consistently gave better than 74% Poa control but less than commercially acceptable levels. Velocity at 20 gm a.i./A gave between 50 to less than 70% control. Velocity at 10 gm a.i./A was marginally active against Poa giving less than 60% control.

No masked chafer larvae were observed for treatments of imidacloprid, imidacloprid plus bifenthrin, clothianidin, and the two higher rates of DPX-E2Y45. The inconsistent and low populations of masked chafer larvae and billbugs in the turfgrass did not provide for conclusive results. Clothianidin and the two higher rates of DPX-E2Y45 had no billbug larvae. An early rating date showed that more billbug adults were in turf treated with imidacloprid and DPX-E2Y45. Later rating dates showed a decline in adults for all treatments.

Sequential applications of all of the ALS-inhibiting herbicides offered acceptable to excellent levels of nutsedge control in turf. Single applications generally provided nutsedge control for 2 to 6 weeks. Single applications of halosulfuron and flazasulfuron offered effective control for 2 weeks and less than 4 weeks. Effective nutsedge control by trifloxysulfuron and sulfosulfuron was observed at 31 days after treatment (DAT) and began to decline at 42 DAT. Sulfosulfuron at 0.094 lb a.i./A applied sequentially at either 4 or 6 weeks gave near complete nutsedge control at the end of the season at the end of September. A second application of trifloxysulfuron at 0.026 lb a.i./A at 4 or 6 weeks after a first application in mid-July resulted in controlling nutsedge better than 85% at the end of September. Flazasulfuron at 0.047 lb a.i./A applied sequentially at 6 weeks provided improving nutsedge control through the summer and resulted in near complete control at 95% at the end of September. Halosulfuron at 0.062 lb a.i./A showed only 65% control after the first application and a sequential application at 4 weeks improved control to 92% for only an additional 2 weeks and then control was less than acceptable at the end of the season. Imazaquin at 0.5 lb a.i./A gave less than acceptable but consistent control until sequential applications at both 4 and 6 weeks improved nutsedge control to acceptable levels.

The herbicides foramsulfuron, trifloxysulfuron, and sulfosulfuron applied in late April followed by a sequential application 2 weeks later in early May were more effective for removing ryegrass than when the sequential application was made 7 weeks later in June. Rimsulfuron at 0.013 lb a.i./A and flazasulfuron at 0.0078 lb a.i./A were highly effective in rapidly removing ryegrass with a single application. Minimal activity was observed for the herbicides at 7 or 9 days after application in April and early May. Ryegrass removal was enhanced when applications were made during warmer temperatures in late May and into June. Rate ranges of sulfosulfuron and flazasulfuron indicated a trend that higher rates may be slightly more effective than lower rates but ryegrass removal was achieved with all rates.

Certainty, Monument, and TranXit gave variable Poa control in the spring at 6 to 8 months after applications that were made prior to fall overseeding. There was not consistent Poa control with respect to timing of applications from one month to two weeks before overseeding. Most Poa control in February or April was marginally acceptable at 85% control or less. Common bermudagrass treated with the sulfonylurea herbicides was affected with observable reduced quality. The ryegrass density at 10 days after first water appeared to be less for all treatments compared to the untreated check. At one month after overseeding, all plots had ryegrass well-established and quality ratings were comparable to the untreated check for all treatments.

Sulfosulfuron, imazaquin, and halosulfuron applied beginning in May exhibited a high degree of nutsedge control from August to the end of September. Late spring initiated applications of imazaquin, sulfosulfuron, and trifloxysulfuron gave consistent nutsedge control that was better than 85% for most of the rating dates through the summer. Halosulfuron and flazasulfuron tended to decline in nutsedge control efficacy about one month after applications. The summer timing series of three monthly applications that began in July showed that sulfosulfuron and trifloxysulfuron provided an average of better than 90% nutsedge control throughout the summer. Applications of all herbicides in May caused ryegrass injury. Halosulfuron applications initiated in May were marginally safer on overseeded ryegrass while providing a moderate degree of nutsedge control. Bermudagrass was very slow to recover and to achieve full cover in sulfosulfuron and imazaquin treated plots.

The treatments that included 2,4-D, mecoprop, and dicamba effectively controlled burclover and malva in the dormant bermudagrass turf. The addition of carfentrazone to the hormonal herbicides (Speedzone*) appeared to enhance malva control earlier than the other treatments. Surge* containing sulfentrazone with hormonal herbicides gave the highest degree of malva control. Fluroxypyr (Spotlight*) was not effective against burclover and showed moderate control of malva in this test.