Esta tese representa uma contribuição ao estudo da arquitetura residencial paulistana produzida no período entre as Grandes Guerras. Com base em uma amostra de projetos sorteados de residências, constantes nos processos de aprovação de construção sob a guarda do Arquivo Geral da Prefeitura do Município de São Paulo (Piqueri), analisa as inovações técnicoconstrutivas, os programas de necessidades e o repertório formal e estilístico empregados nas residências paulistanas das décadas de 20 e 30, enfocando particularmente as de classe média. Examina o quadro econômico, social, cultural e urbano existente na cidade de São Paulo no entre-guerras. Caracteriza os modelos estilísticos em voga nos anos 20 e 30 - o Neocolonial, em suas duas versões, e o Art Déco - refletindo acerca das mudanças de gosto, de comportamento e das influências estilísticas da arquitetura erudita sobre aquela popularizada na classe média. Revela o surgimento de uma nova linguagem estilística, o \"Maneirismo Paulistano\", e identifica um \"Estilo Indefinido\", também significativo na composição do panorama urbano da cidade de São Paulo desse período. / This thesis represents a contribution to the study of São Paulo\'s residential architecture in the period between the Wars. Based on samples of residential projects, appeared in the construction approval processes at General Archive of São Paulo\'s Municipal Government (Piqueri), it analyses the technical and constructive innovations, the necessity programs and the formal and stylistic repertoire used in São Paulo\'s homes in decades of 1920 and 1930, focusing specially the middle class. This work examines the economic, social, cultural and urban situation at São Paulo by that time. It characterizes the stylistic models in the twenties and thirties - the Neocolonial, in its two versions, and Art Déco - reflecting the changes in stylistic preferences, behaviours and erudite\'s influences over the popular architecture. It reveals the appearance of a new stylistic language, the \"Maneirismo Paulistano\", and identifies an \"Undefinied Style\", also significant in the composition of São Paulo\'s urban context in that period.

Esta tese representa uma contribuição ao estudo da arquitetura residencial paulistana produzida no período entre as Grandes Guerras. Com base em uma amostra de projetos sorteados de residências, constantes nos processos de aprovação de construção sob a guarda do Arquivo Geral da Prefeitura do Município de São Paulo (Piqueri), analisa as inovações técnicoconstrutivas, os programas de necessidades e o repertório formal e estilístico empregados nas residências paulistanas das décadas de 20 e 30, enfocando particularmente as de classe média. Examina o quadro econômico, social, cultural e urbano existente na cidade de São Paulo no entre-guerras. Caracteriza os modelos estilísticos em voga nos anos 20 e 30 - o Neocolonial, em suas duas versões, e o Art Déco - refletindo acerca das mudanças de gosto, de comportamento e das influências estilísticas da arquitetura erudita sobre aquela popularizada na classe média. Revela o surgimento de uma nova linguagem estilística, o \"Maneirismo Paulistano\", e identifica um \"Estilo Indefinido\", também significativo na composição do panorama urbano da cidade de São Paulo desse período. / This thesis represents a contribution to the study of São Paulo\'s residential architecture in the period between the Wars. Based on samples of residential projects, appeared in the construction approval processes at General Archive of São Paulo\'s Municipal Government (Piqueri), it analyses the technical and constructive innovations, the necessity programs and the formal and stylistic repertoire used in São Paulo\'s homes in decades of 1920 and 1930, focusing specially the middle class. This work examines the economic, social, cultural and urban situation at São Paulo by that time. It characterizes the stylistic models in the twenties and thirties - the Neocolonial, in its two versions, and Art Déco - reflecting the changes in stylistic preferences, behaviours and erudite\'s influences over the popular architecture. It reveals the appearance of a new stylistic language, the \"Maneirismo Paulistano\", and identifies an \"Undefinied Style\", also significant in the composition of São Paulo\'s urban context in that period.

L’objectif de cette thèse doctorale intitulée « Les stars et la cinéphilie dans la culture cinématographique espagnole du début du XXe siècle : le cas Greta Garbo » est d’analyser l’impact que cette star a pu produire dans la société espagnole de l’époque, en tenant compte du fait que cette société était traversée par des débats ayant trait à la renégociation des rapports entre les sexes et à des questions de différenciation sexuelle. Les principales sources utilisées à cet effet sont les revues de cinématographie publiées en Espagne à la fin des années 20 et la première moitié des années 30. Ce travail étudie d’abord la réception des premiers films muets de Garbo qui impliquent l’apparition d’une image féminine inédite. Cela permet de montrer que la culture cinématographique de la fin des années 20 présente Garbo comme une véritable artiste investie d’un grand pouvoir créateur. Ensuite, au cours des années 30, la presse cinématographique révèle un changement d’orientation, ce qui est en partie lié à l’évolution du discours cinéphilique, un discours « genré » qui se construit au détriment des femmes et des stars. Dès lors, l’image de Garbo est remise en cause par une légion de journalistes qui entendent servir le prestige d’un auteur : le réalisateur du film. Ce revirement est ici interprété à la lumière des tensions que Garbo provoquait parce qu’elle incarnait un modèle féminin transgressif. La fin de ce travail montre également que l’image de Garbo était encore bien présente dans les premières années du franquisme, la culture cinématographique de cette période comprenant des similitudes et des continuités avec celles des années 20 et 30. / The purpose of this doctoral thesis entitled « Stars and cinephilia in the early XXth century Spanish cinematographic culture: the example of Greta Garbo » is to analyse the influence that this star may have produced in the Spanish society at that time, taking into account that this society was going through some debates related to the renegociation of the relations between sexes and to sexual differentiation issues. The main sources used in this respect consist of the journals published in Spainthroughout the late twenties and the first half of the thirties. First of all, this research focuses on the reception of the first silent Garbo movies that implies the appearance of a new female image. By doing so, one can see that the cinematographic culture of the late twenties introduces Garbo as a real artist with a great creative power. Then, in the thirties, the Spanish film journals reveals a change ofdirection which is in part due to the evolution of cinephilic discourse, a gendered discourse which develops at the expense of women and stars. From then on, the Garbo image is questioned by a legion of journalists pretending to defend the prestige of an “auteur”: the film director. In this study, this reversal is interpreted in the light of the tensions that Garbo provoked as she embodied a transgressive female image. The end of this research also shows that the Garbo image was still alive through the first years of Francoism, the cinematographic culture of this period including similarities and continuities with the twenties and thirties’ one.