We combined an ECDL and the fluorescence detection system into a portable frequecy-stabilized laser.We installed an atomic cesium cell inside rather than outside the external diode laser cavity in order to minimize the frequency-stablized laser to palm size.In this way, we improved the mobility of the frequecy-stabilized laser. Moreover, the enhanced intensity of laser inside the external cavity increased the signal to noise ratio of the error signal for feedback control. We used Allan variance as an efficient method to quantify noise of the laser and we found the best value was 2.9954E-12 when the time integration was 90 second and the line width of laser was 200 kHz by beat frequency. This design can be exploited to lock the offset frequency of a femtosecond frequency comb laser, thus being helpful in the reaserch of CEP(carrier-envelope phase) light source.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-08-18T12:43:12Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) TESE MESTRADO JESUS PAVON.pdf: 10424016 bytes, checksum: e34855e82c43c610bfad8eca83df6ebe (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-18T12:43:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) TESE MESTRADO JESUS PAVON.pdf: 10424016 bytes, checksum: e34855e82c43c610bfad8eca83df6ebe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-03 / CNPq / Neste trabalho apresentamos um estudo da geração de luz no azul, em vapor de rubídio, devido à ação combinada de um trem de pulsos ultracurtos (fs) e um laser contínuo (diodo). Os dois feixes com polarizações paralelas e lineares, operando em 780 nm (diodo) e 776 nm (fs), são focalizados no centro da célula de Rb, e são responsáveis por cada etapa da transição de dois fótons 5S1/2 - 5P3/2 - 5D. Na configuração de feixes co-propagantes, uma coerência entre as transições 5S1/2 - 5P3/2 - 5D - 6P é induzida e, na condição de casamento de fase, um feixe azul, coerente, é gerado em 420 nm, através de um processo de mistura de quarto ondas. Medidas do espectro de excitação em função da frequência do laseres de diodo, para diferentes temperaturas da amostra e intensidades dos laseres incidentes, indicam uma forte competição entre os efeitos de saturação, ganho e absorção. Estudos de polarização e uma comparação com os recentes resultados de fluorescência permitem caracterizar para que parâmetros o mecanismo de mistura de ondas é responsável pelo sinal observado. Utilizando um laser de femtosegundos com uma taxa de repetição da ordem de 76 MHz, é possível observar, dentro do perfil Doppler, a contribuição dos diferentes modos do pente de frequência na geração do feixe coerente. / We present a study of blue light generation, in rubidium vapor, due to the combined action of a train of ultrashort pulses (fs) and a continuous laser (diode). The two beams with parallel and linear polarizations, operating at 780 nm (diode) and 776 nm (fs) are focused on the center of the Rb cell and are responsible for each step of the two photon transition from 55S1/2 - 5P3/2 - 5D. In the configuration of the co-propagating beams, a coherence between the 5S1/2 - 5P3/2 - 5D - 6P transitions is induced and, in phase matching condition, a blue coherent beam is generated at 420 nm through a process of four wave mixing. The measurements of excitation spectrum as a function of the frequency of the diode laser, for different temperatures of the sample and intensities of the incident laseres, indicate a strong competition among saturation, gain and absorption effects. The polarization studies and a comparison with recent results of fluorescence are used to characterize the parameters for which the wave mixing mechanism is responsible for the observed signal. Using a femtosecond laser with a repetition rate of about 76 MHz, it is possible observe, within the Doppler profile, the contribution of the different modes of the frequency comb in the generation of the coherent beam.

Le moment orbital angulaire (OAM) de la lumière est une grandeur quantifiée associée à la phase d’un vortex optique et est actuellement une des variables explorées pour les technologies quantiques.Dans ce contexte, cette thèse étudie expérimentalement la conversion de vortex optiques par une vapeur de rubidium, via la transition Raman stimulée à deux photons 5S₁/₂ − 5D₅/₂. Quand les atomes sont soumis à deux lasers respectivement à 780 nm et 776 nm, ils génèrent des rayonnements cohérents, infrarouge à 5,23 μm et bleu à 420 nm. On examine le rayonnement bleu lorsque l’un des lasers ou les deux sont des vortex, en particulier des modes de Laguerre-Gauss. Dans une première partie nous montrons que si l’OAM est porté par le laser à 776 nm, alors le rayonnement bleu émis porte un OAM qui respecte l’accord de phase azimutale et de phase de Gouy. Nous montrons aussi que la conversion est efficace sur une grande plage d’OAM allant de -50 à +50, que l’efficacité est gouvernée par le produit des intensités des lasers incidents et que le rayonnement bleu se comporte comme un mode de Laguerre-Gauss pur. Dans une deuxième partie nous montrons qu’il est possible de convertir une superposition de vortex ou une paire de vortex coaxiaux et que l’OAM du rayonnement bleu émis obéit à la règle de somme des OAM incidents. Pour les cas étudiés, nous proposons un modèle de mélange à quatre ondes qui établit les règles de sélection du processus de conversion d’OAM. Ce travail ouvre la voie vers la conversion d’OAM utilisant des transitions vers des niveaux atomiques plus élevés. / The orbital angular momentum of light (OAM) is a quantized quantity arising from the azimuthal phase carried by optical vortices and is well-known for quantum technology applications. Its set of values is theoretically infinite.In this context this thesis experimentally study the conversion of optical vortices in a rubidium vapor through the 5S₁/₂ − 5D₅/₂ stimulated Raman transition. When the atoms are illuminated with laser beams at 780 nm and 776 nm they generate two coherent light beams at 5,23 μm and 420 nm. We investigate the blue light when one laser or both are optical vortices, in particular Laguerre-Gaussian modes. In a first part we show that if the laser at 776 nm carries an OAM the blue light is an optical vortex with an OAM which respects azimutal and Gouy phase matchings. We further show that the conversion is efficient on a large set of OAM from -50 to +50, that the efficiency is governed by the product of the input laser intensities and that the blue light behaves like a pure Laguerre-Gaussian mode. In a second part we demonstrate the conversion of a vortex superposition or a pair of coaxial vortices and that the OAM of the emitted light obeys the conservation rule of total OAM. For each studied case we propose a four wave mixing model establishing selection rules for the conversion process. This work opens possibilities towards OAM conversion using higher atomic levels.