本論文是以Kellerman (1978) 的U型學習理論為基礎做擴大研究。本篇論文旨在探討英文程度不同的中文為母語之人士，在學習非賓格不及物動詞時是否也會出現U型曲線，除此之外，非賓格不及物動詞與非賓格及物動詞，被動態，主詞生命度之間的互動也將做討論。 在這個研究中，我們採用語法判斷(Grammaticality judgment)來測試受測者對於非賓格不及物動詞的理解和中英轉譯(Chinese to English translation)來測試受測者對於主詞生命度和主被動態之間的影響。此研究共有123位受測者，他們根據學習英文的長短被分為四個組別，分別是低、低中、中、與中高程度。 此研究可歸納為以下結論。(1) 不同英文程度的中文為母語之人士，在學習英文非賓格不及物動詞時也會出現U型曲線。此即意味著U型曲線不僅僅出現在母語為荷蘭語學習非賓格及物動詞Break的學習上，更可擴大到母語為中文學習非賓格不及物動詞上。(2) 中文為母語之人士無法正確使用非賓格及物動詞，並且會把非賓格及物動詞當作非賓格不及物動詞。(3) 在學習非賓格不及物動詞中，主詞生命度確實會影響學習者使用主被動態之不同。當主詞有生命時，句子傾向使用主動態，當主詞是無生命時，句子傾向使用被動態。 / The study is based on Kellerman’s (1978) U-shaped leaning on break to do further study. The study aims to examine if the learning of non-alternating unaccsatives for L2 Chinese learners of English with different proficiency presents a U-shaped curve. In addition, the interactions among alternating unaccusatives, non-alternating unaccusatives, passives and animacy effect are discussed as well. In the study, we use grammaticality judgment task to test participants’ understanding of non-alternating unaccusatives, and adopt Chinese to English translation task to test animacy effect in non-alternating unaccusatives. 123 participants involve the experiment of the study. Among these participants, they are classified as four groups, low, low-intermediate, intermediate, and high-intermediate, according to how long they studied English. The results of the study are summarized as follows. (1) There is a U-shaped curve in learning of non-alternating unaccusatives for L2 Chinese speakers learning English. It suggested that U-shaped learning is not only in alternating unaccusatives break in L1 Dutch but also in non-alternating unaccusatives in L1 Chinese. (2) For L2 learners, they are unable to use alternating unaccusatives correctly and tend to view alternating unaccusatives as non-alternating ones. (3) Animacy effect does influence the choices of voice forms. The study showed that participants tend to use active voice while the subject is animate and prefer to use passive voice while the subject is inanimate.

金融商品的價格變動是投資人用以判斷獲利與否的重要工具，因為價格變動不易精確預測，所以常利用其他變數輔助預測價格變動，其中以交易量最常被投資人用來分析價格變動。本文是利用台灣首檔指數型股票基金「台灣50指數股票型基金，簡稱TTT」，分析基金的價格變動與交易量之間的關係。 由於TTT具有「實物申購╱買回」機制，當TTT發生折溢價現象時，投資者會利用此機制進行策略性的投資。因此，「實物申購╱買回」機制使用，會對TTT交易量產生影響，並且使得基金淨值與價格更為貼進。所以本文也將分析TTT折溢價與交易量之間的關係。 本研究利用Granger因果關係理論檢測變數之間的因果關係，實證結果發現，TTT的交易量與價格變動呈現雙向因果關係，且折溢價對於交易量具有單向因果關係，即折溢價可以解釋和預測交易量變動，並且折溢價偏離的現象在半天之內會消失。因此，歸論「實物申購╱買回」機制能有效發揮其作用。 / This study examines intraday patterns of the Taiwan Top 50 Tracker Fund (TTT), with special emphasis on the causal relationship between trading volume and return, and the causal relationship between trading volume and deviation ratio. We find strong intraday seasonality, namely the W-shaped trading pattern which appeared to be caused by the so-called lunch-break effect. After accounting for this apparent seasonality, and by employing the Granger causality test, we find that there is a causal bi-direction relationship between trading volume and absolute return. However, there only exists a uni-directional causal relationship from the deviation ratio to trading volume, but not vice versa. Also, the deviation is disappeared within half day.