Cereal grains are important food staples and sources of antioxidant phenolics. Dietary phenolics have the potential to reduce oxidative stress and help combat associated conditions like cardiovascular disease. The availability of phenolics from sorghum and wheat products (e.g. cookies) for absorption depends on their fate during processing and during digestion in the gastro-intestinal tract. The effect of simulated GIT pH conditions on total phenolic content (TPC), phenolic acids and antioxidant properties of whole wheat, non-tannin sorghum and condensed tannin sorghum flours and their cookies was determined. The TPC (Folin-Ciocalteu method) of all the samples analysed ranged between 37.0 – 405.3 mg Catechin equivalent / 100 g sample. Extracts from cookies had higher overall TPC than from flours, possibly due to release of bound phenolics or formation of Maillard reaction products (with reducing properties) during baking. Extracts from condensed tannin sorghum samples had higher TPC than the other cereal extracts, possibly due to presence of tannins in the tannin sorghum samples. Phenolic acids were analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. p-Hydroxybenzoic, caffeic, p-coumaric and ferulic acids were identified in extracts from the flour and cookie samples. Ferulic acid was the dominant phenolic acid in both wheat and sorghum samples ranging between 109.8 – 1389.4 mg / 100 g sample. ABTS radical scavenging capacity of all the extracts analysed ranged between 0.1 – 4.7 mM Trolox equivalent/ 100 g sample. Condensed tannin sorghum sample extracts had the highest ABTS radical scavenging capacity, possibly due to tannins in the extracts. Metal chelation capacity of all the extracts analysed (ferrous ion chelation assay) ranged between 325.6 – 8424.9 μg EDTA equivalent/ g sample. Wheat sample extracts had the highest metal chelating capacity. Inhibition of copper-mediated LDL oxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay) of all the samples analysed ranged between 1.0 – 5.4 μM Trolox equivalent / g sample, with wheat extracts having the highest inhibition. Inhibition of LDL oxidation by the extracts (especially from wheat) may be related to their metal chelation ability as shown by high and positive correlation (r = 0.86) between inhibition of LDL oxidation and Iron Chelating effect (%). There were positive overall correlations between TPC and antioxidant properties (radical scavenging or metal chelation). Antioxidant properties of the extracts may be related to their phenolic contents. Phenolic acids identified in the extracts such as ferulic and caffeic acids may exert antioxidant effects by radical scavenging or metal chelation. The presence of phenolic acids in the GIT pH extracts of the wheat and sorghum cookies shows that they are stable under GIT pH conditions. Overall, this study shows that the cookies have potential as a health promoting ready-to-eat snack to protect against diseases related to oxidative stress such as atherosclerosis. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / lk2014 / Food Science / MSc / Unrestricted

Acne is a common universal condition which affects all ages and can have a significant impact on psychosocial and physical aspects of a person’s life. Etiologically, it is a multifactorial skin disorder which is associated with pilosebaceous unit of the skin. Production of increased amount of sebum by the sebaceous gland is accompanied by the thickening of epidermis at the outlet to the pilosebaceous follicles. As a result, there is an obstruction to the flow of sebum outwards, and a comedo develops. Propionibacterium acnes, the causative agent plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis. Their colonization triggers the host’s inflammatory response and leads to the production of inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Simultaneously, in anaerobic environment, the bacteria secrete various hydrolytic enzymes such as, nucleases, nuraminidases, hyaluronidases, acid phosphatases lecithinases and other lipases. Due to action of these enzymes, the sebum content changes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) may be released from the impacted damaged follicular walls. All these events result in the progression of inflammation and the pathogenesis of disease. Ethnobotanical studies have documented the use of plants by local people for the treatment of various skin ailments. Also, plants contain numerous biological active compounds, many of which have been shown to possess antimicrobial activity. The current study focuses on the high potency of two plants namely, Syzygium jambos and Leucosidea sericea for their future use as an alternative treatment of acne. From an in vitro antibacterial evaluation of 51 ethanol plant extracts against P. acnes, the aforesaid two plants were found to be the most active, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 31.25 (S. jambos) and 15.62 μg/ml (L. sericea). Subsequent fractionation of S. jambos extract resulted in the isolation of squalene, an anacardic acid analogue and ursolic acid for the first time from this plant. Similarly, fractionation of L. sericea extract resulted in the isolation of phytol acetate, triacontanol, phytol, (E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylheptadec-2-ene-1,17-diol and alpha kosin for the first time form this plant. Of all the isolated compounds, anacardic acid analogue and alpha kosin were found to be the only active compounds against P. acnes (MIC 7.81 and 1.95 μg/ml, respectively). The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the lethality of plant extracts and bioactive compounds on the cells of P. acnes. The extract of S. jambos was found to be non-toxic to mouse melanoma B16-F10 cells and human macrophage U937 cell lines with EC50 (concentration at which 50% cells are viable) values of 450 and 60 μg/ml, respectively. Whereas, L. sericea extract exhibited moderate toxicity to B16-F10 cells (EC50 55 μg/ml) and a comparatively higher toxicity to U937 cells (EC50 26 μg/ml). Of all the isolated compounds, only alpha kosin and a commercially acquired compound, ‘myricetin’, were found to be toxic to both cell lines with EC50 values of <20 μg/ml. The significant antioxidant activity was shown by the extracts of S. jambos, L. sericea, isolated compound alpha kosin, commercially acquired compounds- myricetin, myricitrin and gallic acid with EC50 (concentration at which 50% free radical is scavenged) values varying from 0.9-5.1 μg/ml, comparable to vitamin C (EC50 2 μg/ml), a known antioxidant agent. A significant inhibition of IL-8 and TNF-α was observed for S. jambos, L. sericea, ursolic acid and myricitrin. The aqueous extract of S. jambos and L. sericea in 1:1 combination showed synergism and inhibited the growth of P. acnes at 0.7% (650 μg/ml), comparable to Cytobiol Iris A2, a commercial anti-acne ingredient. The aqueous extract of L. sericea and S. jambos+L. sericea (1:1) showed hydrating potential for 24 h in an in vivo study performed at Future Cosmetics, Pretoria. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / lk2014 / Plant Science / PhD / Unrestricted

This dissertation explores the case history of Hugh Glenister v the President of the Republic of South Africa drawing upon numerous themes that emerge from this litigation and relevant legal theory including: the separation of powers doctrine; judicial review; constitutionalism; the internationalisation of constitutional law; legal legitimacy; democratic experimentalism; constitutional dialogue; the requirement of independence for anti-corruption entities; good governance; accountability and transformative constitutionalism. The Glenister litigation started in 2008, following a challenge to proposed legislation that envisioned disbanding the Directorate of Special Operations (the Scorpions) and relocating its anti-corruption policing capacity from the National Prosecuting Authority to the South African Police Service (Glenister 1). This litigation reached the Constitutional Court who in a unanimous judgment found against the applicants based upon a separation of powers argument, noting that Parliament had yet to conclude its work of finalising the proposed legislation. In 2011, once the legislation was enacted, the applicants again challenged the same legislation, on a similar set of arguments to those put forth in 2008, notably that newly formulated policing unit, the Directorate of Priority Crime Investigations (the Hawks) lacked sufficient safeguards to ensure its independence to function structurally and operationally in manner which is faithful to both constitutional requirements and South Africa’s anti-corruption international law obligations (Glenister 2). This time, in wide-ranging decision, but only with a slender majority of five judges, the majority found in favour of the applicants. The Court’s remedy was a declaration of constitutional invalidity suspended for 18 months to allow Parliament to opportunity to remedy the defects. Following this order, Parliament revised the legislation. However, the applicants again challenged the new legislation on the basis that it still fell short of the constitutional requirements outlined in the 2011 judgment. In December 2013, a full bench of the Cape High Court again found for the applicants holding that Parliament’s revised statute remained inadequate failing to sufficiently address the concerned raised by the Glenister 2 majority (Glenister 3). In Chapter 2, the dissertation sets out a brief case history of this litigation. In Chapter 3, the dissertation looks more in depth at the concept of constitutionalism and the separation of powers doctrine and how features in the litigation, specifically in Glenister 1. Chapter 4 explores in greater depth the pivotal findings of the Glenister 2 majority including the constitutional imperative to fight corruption, the obligation to establish and maintain a corruption-fighting unit, South Africa’s anti-corruption obligations under international law and the constitutional requirements in this regard for independence. Chapter 5 interrogates the impact of the internationalisation of constitutional law upon constitutional adjudication and how this figures in the litigation under review. Chapter 6 develops an analysis of how the South African Constitutional Court engages in the practice of judicial review in this case and how this shapes the nascent democratic dispensation’s approach to constitutional dialogue between the branches of state. Lastly, Chapter 7 explores how the Glenister litigation must be understood within a utopian-pragmatic dialectic where the promise of a transformative constitutional project is juxtaposed to the practical functioning of power politics within a system characterised by a single ruling dominant political party. / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / lk2014 / Public Law / LLM / Unrestricted

This dissertation investigates the philosophical question of human freedom. Broadly speaking, ‘freedom’ is one of the most exhaustively treated questions in Western intellectual history, and also one of the most controversially contested. I focus on one particular and often neglected philosophical position: the peculiar positive freedom of Friedrich Nietzsche. This introductory chapter will show that philosophical arguments about the meaning and nature of human freedom have concrete implications for many significant elements of everyday human life. These implications, far from being merely the objects of academic curiosity, continue to shape the foundations of our contemporary socio-political context. It is my contention that Nietzsche’s ideas on freedom, which have been largely dismissed within the established historical debate, contain valuable resources for philosophical reflection on freedom and are especially relevant in our contemporary intellectual context of growing globalisation, valuepluralism, and scientific explanations of reality. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / lk2014 / Philosophy / MA / Unrestricted

A general insurance risk model consists of in initial reserve, the premiums collected, the return on investment of these premiums, the claims frequency and the claims sizes. Except for the initial reserve, these components are all stochastic. The assumption of the distributions of the claims sizes is an integral part of the model and can greatly in uence decisions on reinsurance agreements and ruin probabilities. An array of parametric distributions are available for use in describing the distribution of claims. The study is focussed on parametric distributions that have positive skewness and are de ned for positive real values. The main properties and parameterizations are studied for a number of distributions. Maximum likelihood estimation and method-of-moments estimation are considered as techniques for tting these distributions. Multivariate numerical maximum likelihood estimation algorithms are proposed together with discussions on the e ciency of each of the estimation algorithms based on simulation exercises. These discussions are accompanied with programs developed in SAS PROC IML that can be used to simulate from the various parametric distributions and to t these parametric distributions to observed data. The presence of heavy upper tails in the context of general insurance claims size distributions indicates that there exists a high risk of observing very large and even extreme claims. This needs to be allowed for in the modeling of claims. Methods used to describe tail weight together with techniques that can be used to detect the presence of heavy upper tails are studied. These methods are then applied to the parametric distributions to classify their tails' heaviness. The study is concluded with an application of the techniques developed to t the parametric distributions and to evaluate the tail heaviness of reallife claims data. The goodness-of- t of the various tted distributions are discussed. Based on the nal results further research topics are identi ed. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / lk2014 / Statistics / MSc / Unrestricted

The Discrete Pulse Transform (DPT) is a hierarchical decomposition of a signal in ndimensions, built by iteratively applying the LULU operators. The DPT is a fairly new mathematical framework, with few applications, and is prone to leakage within the domain, as are most other connected operators. Leakage is the unwanted union of two sets after the DPT is applied. Leakage thus provides false information regarding the data. A solution to the leakage is proposed. Implementing the DPT in n-dimensions is not a trivial task and a platform to aid the research effort was required. The search for applications of the DPT is extended to image segmentation, where the potential was measured in a quantitative way. The DPT was implemented by presenting a new algorithm, the Roadmakers Pavage based on the Roadmakers algorithm. The algorithm utilizes graph theory as a basis and is packaged in the DPT Library, created to assist other researchers. The Roadmaker’s Pavage is currently the fastest available algorithm and presents the extracted pulses in a a more suitable manner. The Pulse Reformation framework was developed to address the leakage problem within the DPT. It was specifically tested with circular probes and showed successful object extraction of red blood cells. Additionally, by utilising the LULU scale-space, similar performance to the Difference of Gaussians method in detecting mRNA in fluorescence microscopy was demonstrated. The DPT was also utilized in image segmentation. Using Iterated Conditional Modes and k-means, the DPT segmentation was compared to the other segmentation methods, such as the Gaussian scale-space. The DPT showed potential in image segmentation and it is recommended that further research be conducted with the DPT in image segmentation. / Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / lk2014 / Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering / MEng / Unrestricted

This study contributed to the existing body of literature on the economics of smallholder livestock systems and management of conflicts between livelihood objectives of local livestock farming communities and neighbouring conservation parks in the presence of animal disease transmission such as foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Published literature on the economics of animal disease and its control focused on a small number of developed countries, concentrating on the economic impact of animal disease on the commercial farming sector and neglecting the plight of small-scale farmers. Limiting economic analysis of animal disease to the commercial farming sector implies that the economic impact of animal disease on small-scale farmers is considered similar. In Sub-Saharan Africa, where 70% of the population is poor and depends on smallholder agricultural activities such as livestock farming for its livelihood, analysis of the economic consequences of animal disease on small-scale producers is therefore badly needed. This study investigated ways to better manage the trade-offs between keeping buffalo in the Kruger National Park (KNP) for the sake of conservation and for their recreational value and the livelihood objectives of the cattle farmers who have to contend with the transmission of FMD. Furthermore, the study assessed the factors associated with cattle herd size in the study area in order to understand the underlying reasons, challenges and opportunities for the farming community in keeping livestock. A negative binomial regression model was applied to analyse determinants of cattle ownership (eg cattle herd size) in the study area. The results of the analysis indicated that, contrary to the popular belief that rural households in developing countries own large herds of livestock for social reasons, the majority of communal livestock farmers in the study area kept livestock for economic/commercial reasons. However, limited access to marketing channels was found to be a major constraint on keeping large herds. Moreover, livestock farmers owning large herds experienced higher losses due to theft and mortality associated with diseases or predation. Given the fact that farmers in the study area keep livestock for economic reasons, but face constant challenges due to losses associated with livestock diseases, including FMD transmitted from infected buffalo from the KNP, the control of FMD could enhance the livelihood of this livestock farming community. A bio-economic model was accordingly developed to assess trade-offs between wildlife conservation and the livelihood objectives of the small-scale farmers dealing with FMD transmission (negative externality) from buffalo to cattle populations. The theoretical model was solved using optimal control techniques to evaluate the trade-off between keeping buffalo in the park and the economic impact on the livelihood objectives of the cattle farmers in the presence of the negative externality of FMD transmission. Three different scenarios, namely (1) a conservation scenario with no unified resource management policy, (2) a social planner scenario and (3) a no-disease scenario, were compared. In the model formulation it is assumed that the stock of buffalo influences the size and the composition of cattle herds through disease transmission, and ultimately the benefit and livelihood of cattle farmers, but not vice versa. Accordingly, while the conservation agency can optimise its situation without being influenced by the harvest and the cattle holding of the farmers, farmers must adjust their harvest and stocks to the stock size of buffalos. In contrast, the social planner scenario takes into consideration the interest of both agents and a socially optimal resource management policy is achieved. Analytical study results show that when the social planner allocates common resources, benefits to the farmers increase compared to the conservation scenario. While culling of buffalo is not currently practised at the park, analytical study results demonstrated that culling would be beneficial to farmers if practised in the KNP. Results of the empirical simulation analyses also confirm that when culling of buffalo is implemented, the unified management scheme (social planner scenario) would yield fewer buffalo and less disease transmission (hence fewer infected cattle), as well as higher overall economic benefits than the pure conservation scenario. An important implication of the study findings is the great potential for economic policy to enhance the welfare of smallholder cattle farmers in the country. Investment in farmers’ education and awareness of new technological innovations, appropriate measures and practices in breeding and veterinary services are proposed to be critical for improving small livestock farmers’ welfare. In addition, the study also proposes policy interventions to improve access to marketing channels and information and increased public investment in efficient game-proof fences that will effectively deter wildlife from escaping from game parks to come into contact with adjacent communal livestock, as well as more effective protection measures against theft. Results of the sensitivity analyses indicate that overall, higher benefits would be achieved when intervention measures contributing to a reduction in the proportion of buffalo that escape from the park, as well as a reduction in cattle-to-cattle transmission, are introduced simultaneously. However, comparing the two measures, investing more in preventing infection among cattle populations through quarantine and vaccination programmes would yield higher benefits to the farmers compared to decreasing FMD transmission from buffalo to cattle populations through culling of buffalos and/or increased investment in maintenance of the fence. Thus, the main policy implication of this study involves weighing up the costs and benefits of the two intervention measures. While this study assessed the impact of these interventions on farmers’ livelihood, the costs of such intervention measures were not considered, which represents a gap requiring further future research work. This study is the first to use bio-economic modelling to examine the impact of FMD on small-scale farmers within the wildlife-livestock interface in a developing economy. The model developed in this study is widely applicable to many other similar situations where transmission of animal disease from wildlife populations poses serious threats to the livelihood of small-scale livestock farmers. In addition, the policy interventions proposed in the study contribute to the search for feasible management solutions and policy measures for balancing the trade-off between environmental and economic benefits from keeping wildlife and the livelihood objectives of small-scale farmers living adjacent to conservation areas. Nonetheless, this study has limitations ranging from the simplified assumptions made to the availability of suitable data. Firstly, the optimisation model treats farmers as a homogeneous group, whereas in reality the impact in terms of benefits and costs will differ across various farmer groups depending among others on location and distance to the park. The model also incorporates non-market variables such as social status attached to cattle ownership and tourist value attached to buffalo viewing, which will require better valuation methods than the overly simplified assumptions made in this study. In addition, while the study quantifies the economic benefits of proposed FMD control measures, it does not assess the cost of such measures. While the construction of proper fencing can be expensive, there are other instruments that can be implemented to reduce the transmission between wildlife and livestock. For example, a tax on the entrance fee can be imposed, which may be used for maintaining the fence around the park. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / lk2014 / Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development / PhD / Unrestricted

The negative consequences of financial instability for the world economy during the recent financial crisis have highlighted the need for a better understanding of financial conditions by policy-makers and decision-makers all over the world, and more importantly, their impact on the real economy. It is for this reason that I conduct a study of South Africa‟s financial conditions and their impact on and implications for the real macroeconomy. In order to meet this objective, I construct a financial conditions index (FCI) for the South African economy so as to ascertain whether: (1) financial conditions in South Africa have long-term effects on the macroeconomy; (2) South Africa‟s FCI can be regarded as an early warning system, and; (3) the nature of the impact of the FCI on the macroeconomy is linear or nonlinear. This thesis begins with the compilation of an FCI for South Africa using a number of different approaches. The best FCI is chosen from these alternatives, namely a rolling-window principal components analysis (PCA) approach. The FCI is then purged of endogenous macroeconomic feedback effects emanating from output, interest rates and inflation. The performance of this FCI is evaluated by assessing its ability to pick up turning points in the South African business cycle, and by running in-sample causality (forecast) tests against the major macroeconomic variables of output, inflation and an interest rate. It is found that the FCI does a good job of reflecting recessionary periods in South Africa, and causality tests indicate that this FCI is a good in-sample predictor of industrial production growth and the Treasury Bill yield, but a weak predictor of inflation. I then go on to ascertain whether this FCI has good out-of-sample forecasting ability with respect to the major macroeconomic variables, as compared to the 16 individual financial time series which make up the FCI. A host of forecast encompassing tests are conducted, and their results are adjusted for data-mining. It is found that the estimated FCI has good out-of-sample forecasting ability with respect to manufacturing output growth at the one, three and six month horizons, while it has no predictive power for inflation and the Treasury bill yield. Therefore, the FCI can be regarded as a leading indicator of manufacturing output growth. Finally, the FCI is inserted into a nonlinear vector autoregressive (VAR) framework, so as to test for asymmetry in the effects that financial conditions may have on the macroeconomic variables of output, interest rates and inflation in South Africa. I make use of a nonlinear logistic smooth transition vector autoregression (LSTVAR), which allows for the transition of a chosen switching variable between upper and lower regimes. I estimate two such models: one with inflation as a switching variable; and one which allocates a different switching variable to each equation within the LSTVAR. I find that the South African economy is strongly nonlinear in its responses to financial shocks, and that manufacturing output growth and interest rates are more affected by financial shocks during upswings, while inflation responds more during downswings. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / lk2014 / Economics / PhD / Unrestricted

Kimberlite is the host rock from which diamonds are mined. The mineralogical features for kimberlites vary greatly with country, origin, depth and type of kimberlite. Kimberlites can contain various clay species with some kimberlites containing predominantly clay minerals. The presence of these clay minerals in the ore can cause difficulty in dewatering due to high flocculant demand, poor supernatant clarity and low settling rates. Identifying critical parameters that can predict the settling behaviour of African kimberlite slurries will assist the process engineer to predict the settling behaviour of different kimberlite slurries. Especially identifying the kimberlites that will most likely not settle with normal flocculant dosage rates is useful. From first principles the settling of a particle is described by Stoke’s law which incorporates the density of the particle and size of the particle as the inherent particle variables. In this case density is assumed constant and therefore the size of particles influence the settling rate of particles to a great extent. This study therefore investigated the influence of particle size on settling rate and whether the particle size distribution showed correlation with settling rate when regression modelling was fitted on the data. Other variables that were tested for correlation with settling were pH when the kimberlite is mixed in water as well as various mineralogical features of the ore. Fitting a simple model to any of these properties or combinations of these properties was attempted which would allow for prediction of settling behaviour. The mineralogical features were classified by evaluating the mineral composition, fractional elemental analysis, cation exchange capacity and the exchangeable sodium percentage of the different kimberlites. These variables were tested as well as their settling behaviour with 18 different African kimberlite samples. The settling rate and slurry bed compaction during natural settling as well coagulant and flocculant assisted settling were measured for the kimberlite slurries. The best performing coagulant and flocculant for each kimberlite were combined to evaluate potential improvements in the settling rates and slurry bed compaction compared to current settling practices that only utilise flocculant additions. Especially the use of coagulant for kimberlites that did not show settling with only flocculants was evaluated. For these 18 kimberlites only 2 kimberlites did not settle with the use of flocculants with settling rates varying between 10.7m/h and 25m/h. Both these kimberlites also did not settle with the combination of coagulant and flocculant, but could only settle with only coagulant additions at settling rates of 1.9 m/h and 2.2 m/h. Regression analysis fitted to the settling rate investigated the influence of particle size, pH and mineralogical features on settling. For representation of the particle size two data points from the Particle Size Distribution (PSD) was utilised which represented the fine material and the coarser material. These two data points were taken at percentage passing 7.5 μm and 75 μm. Regression data for kimberlite with flocculant additions showed that particle size and the pH of the slurry were identified as significant parameters in predicting settling. The regression data showed a R2 of 0.78 for the settling rate and an adjusted R2 of 0.79 for the slurry bed depth. / Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / lk2014 / Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering / MEng / Unrestricted

For decades, cadastral systems implemented within different countries have not provided a meaningful communication between parties involved. This problem has resulted in barriers to cadastral information exchange between different parties within and between different countries. In order to address this challenge, the land administration domain model (LADM) was developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Technical Committee 211. One of the main goals of the LADM is to enable parties involved to communicate via a shared vocabulary within the domain of land administration. In so doing, the LADM intends to improve the interoperability between cadastral and land registration systems, thus improving information exchange between local, national and international organisations. The model is not meant to be complete for any specific country. However, it serves as a shared conceptual schema upon which the existing or new systems can be refined and developed respectively, to become more efficient and effective. Various studies have been conducted based on different versions of the LADM in different countries such as Japan, Indonesia, Netherlands, Trinidad, and other European countries. In South Africa, the research focusing on the applicability of LADM to its‘ unique context is solely lacking. This is a worrying factor given the potential benefits associated with the LADM implementation. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to explore the applicability of LADM to South Africa through the analysis of the current national deeds registration and cadastral systems as well as the land information system (LIS) implemented at the City of Johannesburg metropolitan municipality. In both cases, the research scope was limited to the LADM classes required for the first level of conformance. A literature review of the South African land administration system with a specific reference to the existing property legislation that regulates both land registration and cadastral surveying was conducted. The contents of the deeds transfer data files were analyzed. A deeds property data model was derived from the sample deeds data. A cross-mapping between the attributes in this model and the attributes in the LADM conformance level classes was carried out. Similarly, a cross-mapping of the LADM conformance level classes between the City of Johannesburg LIS‘s core property data model was performed. The results of both cross-mappings show that there are minor semantic differences between the classes, attributes and associations in the South African data models and the LADM. However, the data models could be refined to conform to LADM conformance level one. A starting point could be to harmonize the terminology used in the national deeds registration system and CoJLIS with the internationally accepted LADM terms and definitions. The LADM provides an improved way of representing the rights and obligations encountered in the South African land registration system and CoJLIS. This research provided an initial exploration upon which further research can be conducted to examine all other aspects of the LADM. The research has shown that the LADM can be applied to describe land information in South Africa. Moreover, the research results improve the understanding of land administration at both national and municipal level. The LADM offers an opportunity to refine the current system in the e-Cadastre initiative and in the CoJLIS upgrade project to develop an integrated cadastral or property information management model based on international standards. In general, the research results laid a foundation upon which the development of an LADM conformant municipal land information model applicable to all municipalities in South Africa can be derived. More importantly, the research contributed towards the development of a comprehensive LADM profile for South Africa. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / lk2014 / Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology / MSc / Unrestricted