Radio frequency identi cation (RFID) is a rapidly emerging technology that enables au- tomatic remote identi cation of objects. Passive and semi-passive RFID systems can be distinguished from other forms of wireless systems, because the RFID tags (transponders) communicate by way of backscatter. In addition, passive tags derive their energy from the RF energy emitted by the reader. RFID technology can provide a fully automated data capture and analysis system. Compared to a passive RFID system, an open platform semi-passive UHF RFID tag can provide identi cation, security, low-power (compared to a wireless sensor net- work(WSN)), medium range and medium processing speed. However, the eld of semi- passive RFID is still under development, and has yet there are no open development platforms available. This thesis develops a prototype of a semi-passive UHF RFID tag that is compatible with the leading UHF RFID standard EPCglobal Gen 2 Class 1. I alsot has the exible I2C and analog digital converter(ADC) interface, which allows the additional of external analog and digital sensors. The sensor data can be read by microcontroller and stored at memory. Standard reader can get sensor data by sending QUERY and READ command to tag. Test results of our open platform semi-passive UHF RFID tag demonstrated that it can achieve a read rate above 50% when an open platform semi-passive UHF RFID tag is placed four meters from the reader antenna and the reader output power is set to 21 dBm. In addition, the proposed semi-passive open platform RFID tag consumes very little power (4.9 mA in 2V with system frequency set to 8MHz).

Radio frequency identi cation (RFID) is a rapidly emerging technology that enables au- tomatic remote identi cation of objects. Passive and semi-passive RFID systems can be distinguished from other forms of wireless systems, because the RFID tags (transponders) communicate by way of backscatter. In addition, passive tags derive their energy from the RF energy emitted by the reader. RFID technology can provide a fully automated data capture and analysis system. Compared to a passive RFID system, an open platform semi-passive UHF RFID tag can provide identi cation, security, low-power (compared to a wireless sensor net- work(WSN)), medium range and medium processing speed. However, the eld of semi- passive RFID is still under development, and has yet there are no open development platforms available. This thesis develops a prototype of a semi-passive UHF RFID tag that is compatible with the leading UHF RFID standard EPCglobal Gen 2 Class 1. I alsot has the exible I2C and analog digital converter(ADC) interface, which allows the additional of external analog and digital sensors. The sensor data can be read by microcontroller and stored at memory. Standard reader can get sensor data by sending QUERY and READ command to tag. Test results of our open platform semi-passive UHF RFID tag demonstrated that it can achieve a read rate above 50% when an open platform semi-passive UHF RFID tag is placed four meters from the reader antenna and the reader output power is set to 21 dBm. In addition, the proposed semi-passive open platform RFID tag consumes very little power (4.9 mA in 2V with system frequency set to 8MHz).

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ITC/USA 2013 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Ninth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 21-24, 2013 / Bally's Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, NV / This paper describes a telemetry and command communication link used as part of a rover entered in the University Mars Rover competition. The link is capable of transmitting multiple real time video streams, along with other telemetry data from a rover to a base station approximately one kilometer away, under non-line-of-sight conditions. Low data rate commands are sent to the rover, to control its movement. To simulate conditions on Mars, the link cannot use existing cellular or satellite communication infrastructure. The data link uses the 70 cm Amateur Radio band for transmission in both directions.

Radio frequency identi cation (RFID) is a rapidly emerging technology that enables au- tomatic remote identi cation of objects. Passive and semi-passive RFID systems can be distinguished from other forms of wireless systems, because the RFID tags (transponders) communicate by way of backscatter. In addition, passive tags derive their energy from the RF energy emitted by the reader. RFID technology can provide a fully automated data capture and analysis system. Compared to a passive RFID system, an open platform semi-passive UHF RFID tag can provide identi cation, security, low-power (compared to a wireless sensor net- work(WSN)), medium range and medium processing speed. However, the eld of semi- passive RFID is still under development, and has yet there are no open development platforms available. This thesis develops a prototype of a semi-passive UHF RFID tag that is compatible with the leading UHF RFID standard EPCglobal Gen 2 Class 1. I alsot has the exible I2C and analog digital converter(ADC) interface, which allows the additional of external analog and digital sensors. The sensor data can be read by microcontroller and stored at memory. Standard reader can get sensor data by sending QUERY and READ command to tag. Test results of our open platform semi-passive UHF RFID tag demonstrated that it can achieve a read rate above 50% when an open platform semi-passive UHF RFID tag is placed four meters from the reader antenna and the reader output power is set to 21 dBm. In addition, the proposed semi-passive open platform RFID tag consumes very little power (4.9 mA in 2V with system frequency set to 8MHz).

La technologie RFID fait dorénavant partie intégrante de notre quotidien. Les applications correspondantes à cette technologie sont des plus en plus nombreuses et répandues. Ce manuscrit a pour ambition la recherche de solutions innovantes pour lecteurs RFID UHF. Ce travail ayant été accompli dans le cadre du projet PACID Textile, les champs d’application de nos recherches ont été l’amélioration de la gestion, de la traçabilité et de la sécurité des textiles industriels et commerciaux de par des performances accrues des structures antennaires. Pour cela, l’antenne lecteur, entre autre, doit être miniature tout en étant faible coût, directive et à polarisation circulaire dans la bande RFID UHF (0,865-0,868 GHz). Les deux verrous technologiques principaux auxquels nous avons été confrontés pour l’antenne lecteur sont la gestion de sa direction de propagation privilégiée permettant de restreindre et maîtriser la zone de lecture ainsi que son encombrement afin de l’intégrer facilement dans n’importe quel environnement. Pour répondre à cette problématique, les axes de recherche abordés dans ce manuscrit ont été : L’obtention de la polarisation circulaire à l’aide de résonateurs à courts-circuits. L’étude et la conception d’antennes à base de métamatériaux de type BIE (Bande Interdite Electromagnétique) afin d’améliorer la directivité des antennes imprimées de par les propriétés originales de ces structures. La recherche de nouvelles techniques de miniaturisation des antennes imprimées par introduction d’un nouveau plan de masse de type BIE. / RFID technology is now a part of our daily lives. The corresponding applications are more and more numerous and widespread. This work having been done in the framework of the PACID textile project, this thesis has the ambition to research innovative solutions for RFID readers in order to enhance the management, the traceability and the security of the industrial and commercial textiles.Towards this end, the antenna reader has to be miniature while being low-cost, directive and in circular polarization in the RFID UHF band (0.865-0.868 GHz). The two main technological challenges that we have faced for the reader antenna is managing its main direction of propagation to restrict and control the reading zone as well as the miniaturization of its size in order to easily integrate it into any environment. To respond to this problem, the research areas discussed in this manuscript were: The obtaining of the circular polarization using short-circuited resonators. The study and design of microstrip antennas based on EBG (Electromagnetic Band Gap). Type metamaterials to improve their directivity by using the original properties of these structures. The research of new miniaturization techniques for printed antennas by introducing a new EBG ground plane.

Radio frequency identi cation (RFID) is a rapidly emerging technology that enables au- tomatic remote identi cation of objects. Passive and semi-passive RFID systems can be distinguished from other forms of wireless systems, because the RFID tags (transponders) communicate by way of backscatter. In addition, passive tags derive their energy from the RF energy emitted by the reader. RFID technology can provide a fully automated data capture and analysis system. Compared to a passive RFID system, an open platform semi-passive UHF RFID tag can provide identi cation, security, low-power (compared to a wireless sensor net- work(WSN)), medium range and medium processing speed. However, the eld of semi- passive RFID is still under development, and has yet there are no open development platforms available. This thesis develops a prototype of a semi-passive UHF RFID tag that is compatible with the leading UHF RFID standard EPCglobal Gen 2 Class 1. I alsot has the exible I2C and analog digital converter(ADC) interface, which allows the additional of external analog and digital sensors. The sensor data can be read by microcontroller and stored at memory. Standard reader can get sensor data by sending QUERY and READ command to tag. Test results of our open platform semi-passive UHF RFID tag demonstrated that it can achieve a read rate above 50% when an open platform semi-passive UHF RFID tag is placed four meters from the reader antenna and the reader output power is set to 21 dBm. In addition, the proposed semi-passive open platform RFID tag consumes very little power (4.9 mA in 2V with system frequency set to 8MHz).

L'identification par radio fréquence (RFID) est une technologie utilisant les ondes radio pour détecter, localiser et identifier des objets sur lesquels on place des étiquettes électroniques ou tags. Cette technologie, avec des fonctionnalités de détection supérieures à 2m, est destinée à remplacer le code-barre existant depuis les années 1970. Durant la dernière décennie, le développement de la RFID UHF a permis d'élargir le domaine des applications qui compte entre autres le marquage d'objets, le contrôle d'accès, la traçabilité, la logistique, l'inventaire, et même les transactions financières. Avec cette augmentation de la demande de services d'identification, les prévisions pour le marché de la RFID (actuellement dans les 12MM d'euros) montrent une augmentation de 3MM d'euros par an dans les 10 prochaines années. Actuellement la RFID UHF présente plusieurs limitations technologiques fortes expliquant que son développement est moins rapide que ce qui avait été envisagé il y a une vingtaine d'années. Deux problématiques industrielles importantes sont abordées dans ce travail. Tout d'abord la variété des supports sur lesquels les étiquettes RFID sont placées, cette variabilité des supports entraînant un déréglage des antennes des tags à cause du changement de la permittivité électrique et/ou de la conductivité du milieu. Dans ce contexte des solutions sont proposées au niveau de tags UHF pour une application sur surfaces en plastique ou en métal. La deuxième problématique est liée au couplage entre antennes lorsque la densité de tags est forte ou aux perturbations de diagramme (masquage) dues à l'environnement proche des antennes. Afin d'améliorer le taux de lecture dans ces conditions, une antenne lecteur miniaturisée à quatre IFAs intégrant de la diversité d'espace, de polarisation et de diagramme a été développée et testée dans un scénario à forte densité de tags / Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a technology designed to use the electromagnetic waves backscattering to establish detection and identification for different types of articles. Due to its longer coverage range, this technology seeks to replace the bars code existing since 1970. Recently RFID developments allow the growth in the number of applications including access control, tracking and logistic, inventory, and even electronic contactless payment between others. With this growing in the RFID services demand, the market value previsions (currently in 12MM euros) show an increase of 3MM euros per year during the next 10 years. Nowadays the RFID has many technical limitations that could explain the fact of the slow growth different of the initial estimation twenty years ago. Two main issues in RFID field are treated in this work. Initially, the variety of supports where the tags are placed on, fact that produce an antenna mismatch due to the electrical permittivity variation. For this problem some UHF tags solutions are developed and proposed to enhance the antennas performance for plastic and metallic supports applications. The second issue which is the low detection rate is clearly linked to the antennas coupling when the tags density is high or to the perturbations in the reader's radiation pattern due to the environment next to the antenna. In order to improve the detection-identification rate in these conditions, a four IFA miniaturized reader antenna with diversity is developed and tested

The result of this thesis is the architecture design for a software-defined radio, which is used to analyze the signal emitted by RFID tags in real time. The aim of this analysis is to measure the frequency characteristics of the RFID tag. The main means for achieving the objective of optimizing signal processing algorithms and reduce the time needed to control the hardware compared to the classical concept of SW radio USRP. It is described how to obtain and display digitally sampled signals using a graphical programming language LabVIEW and subsequent processing of these data in MATLAB. Further described is the skeleton of the proposed solution.

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems use electromagnetic signals to wirelessly identify and track RFID-tagged objects. A reader transmits a carrier wave request signal to an RFID tag, which then transmits a unique identification signal back to the reader. Applications include supply chain inventory management, automated toll booth fee systems, sports event timing, restricted access control, pet monitoring and retail theft prevention. An RFID tag includes an antenna connected to a Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit (RFIC). RFID tags in the ultra-high frequency (UHF), industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) 902-928MHz band and global Electronic Product Code (EPC) 860‑960MHz band are powered passively (power extracted from carrier wave) and cost less than 15 cents per tag. Low cost UHF ISM RFID tags are an effective solution for tracking large inventories. UHF ISM tag antennas are typically planar dipoles printed onto a plastic dielectric substrate (inlay). Power exchange and transmit range is maximized when a tag antenna’s input impedance is conjugate matched to the RFIC input impedance. Since RFIC input impedance includes capacitive reactance, optimized antenna input impedance includes compensating inductive reactance. The T-match network adds inductive matching microstrips to conjugate match the RFIC. Narrowband (±1.5% of center frequency) and broadband (±5% of center frequency) lumped element designs also use inductive matching strips. Narrowband, lumped element design is accomplished through Smith Chart matching assuming lumped antenna elements. The broadband lumped element design is accomplished through a circuit transformation to an equivalent network and tuning the transformed circuit to resonate from 865MHz to 955MHz, with a center frequency of 910MHz. This thesis demonstrates a start-to-finish design process for narrow (±1.5% of center frequency) and broadband (±5% of center frequency) RFID tag antennas [3]. Furthermore, antenna matching element geometries are parametrically swept to characterize input impedance frequency response. Thesis accomplishments include (a) narrow and broadband antenna designs, (b) Keysight’s Advanced Design System (ADS) Momentum simulations, (c) antenna fabrication, and (d) differential probe impedance setup and antenna impedance measurements. Additional items include (e) impedance adjustments (f) tag range testing and (g) narrow vs. broadband matching technique comparisons. Antennas were fabricated in Cal Poly’s Graphic Communication Department by silk-screening silver conductive ink onto DuPont Melinix Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) plastic. Impedance simulations are compared to fabricated antenna impedance measurements and range testing results.