Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögsk., 2004.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1997. / Bibliography: leaves 107-113.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-01-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:57:52Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sousa_al_me_botfm.pdf: 400232 bytes, checksum: 413adb726a7dddccb7a08b641c1afb97 (MD5) / O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender a experiência da equipe multiprofissional em uma unidade de queimados do interior paulista, visando ampliar o conhecimento sobre o tema apresentado, para subsidiar os profissionais que trabalham na referida unidade, melhorar a qualidade da assistência oferecida aos pacientes, bem como subsidiar e do ensino na área. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, prospectivo e transversal, de abordagem qualitativa. Foram realizadas 27 entrevistas não diretivas e áudio gravadas, junto à equipe multiprofissional da unidade de tratamento de queimaduras (UTQ) do Hospital Estadual de Bauru, tendo como pergunta norteadora: Como tem sido a sua experiência trabalhando em uma unidade de queimados? A abordagem metodológica foi a de organização dos dados, baseada na Análise de Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC). Os dados obtidos geraram 21 ideias centrais no total, e destas, oito foram semelhantes para todos os entrevistados e 13 diferentes. Na análise dos discursos, pôde-se perceber a diversidade de sentimentos que afloram nos profissionais, desde a satisfação em trabalhar com esta clientela até sentimentos de pesar, incapacidade, fragilidade emocional, necessidade de suporte psicológico; bem como aspectos relacionados ao tratamento em si do queimado, como a importância do controle da dor. Compreendeu que a equipe de enfermagem é mais vulnerável à sobrecarga emocional gerada, quando comparada com as demais categorias profissionais. Outro aspecto a ser destacado é o controle da dor, principalmente na realização dos procedimentos inerentes ao tratamento. Diante disso, se destaca a importância de se oferecer aos membros da equipe multiprofissional o apoio necessário, para que o trabalho gere menos estresse e angústia e ressalta-se o uso correto do protocolo, que poderá contribuir para amenizar o sofrimento de ambos, equipe e pacientes, mas principalmente para estes últimos / The objective of this study was to understand the experience of the multidisciplinary team in a burns unit in the state of São Paulo, in order to increase the knowledge on the subject presented to support professionals working in the unit, improving the quality of care offered to patients as well as subsidize the education in the area. It is a descriptive, prospective cross-sectional, qualitative approach. 27 interviews were conducted with the non-directive taped together with the team of the multidisciplinary treatment unit burns (burn care unit), Bauru State Hospital, with the guiding question: How has been your experience working in a burn unit? The methodological approach was to organize the data based on analysis of the Collective Subject Discourse (CSD), 21 central ideas being generated in total and of these, eight were similar for all respondents and 13 different In a speech analysis it was possible to perceive the range of feelings that arose in professional satisfaction from working with these clients to feelings of grief, disability, emotional fragility, the need for psychological support, as well as aspects related to the treatment itself burned, the importance of pain control He realized that the nursing staff is more vulnerable to emotional overload generated when compared with the other professional categories. Another aspect to be highlighted is the control of pain, especially in procedures relating to treatment Therefore, we highlight the importance of providing members of the multidisciplinary team support needed to manage the job less stress and anxiety and it emphasizes the correct use of the protocol to help alleviate the suffering of both staff and patients but mainly for the latter

Resumo: A humanização é vista como um conjunto complexo de atitudes e ações motivadas por pensamentos éticos, humanísticos, sociais e holísticos. Hoje, a proposta de humanização em UTI tem um horizonte mais amplo, englobando desde o ambiente físico até as relações entre as equipes de saúde. Dessa forma, valorizar a presença de acompanhantes na instituição hospitalar e apreender sua percepção é um processo fundamental para o alcance de uma prática assistencial realmente humanizada. Assim, esse estudo tem o objetivo de analisar a percepção do acompanhante de pacientes que estão em processo de hospitalização, na busca da assistência humanizada em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. É uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, sendo entrevistados os acompanhantes nas UTIs pediátrica e coronariana do HC da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - UNESP. Os depoimentos foram analisados através da Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo proposta por Bardin (96). As categorias identificadas foram: acolhimento e ambiente da UTI: estrutura física e profissionais de saúde. As percepções dos familiares em ser acompanhante refletem uma não diferenciação em ser acompanhante e ser visitante, porém enfatizam que a presença da família, mesmo nos horários de visitas, auxilia na recuperação do paciente, como também os tranqüilizam. Os acompanhantes consideram as informações fornecidas pelos profissionais de saúde, adequadas e verdadeiras. O atendimento das unidades é percebido como satisfatório, porém revelam ser necessário um repensar sobre as normas e rotinas das unidades, principalmente em relação aos horários de visitas. A percepção sobre acomodação reflete a possibilidade de estar próximo ao paciente, porém revelam a dificuldade por não ter um local apropriado para se acomodar que se localize próximo a UTI. Percebem ainda... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Humanization is viewed as a set of complex attitudes and actions motivated by ethical, humanistic, social and holistic thoughts. Today, the proposal of humanization at ICUs has a broader horizon which includes the physical environment as well as relations between health care teams. Hence, valuing the presence of companions in hospitals and apprehending their perceptions is a fundamental process for accomplishing an actually humanized care provision practice. Therefore, this study aimed at analyzing the perceptions of companions of patients undergoing the hospitalization process in the search for humanized care at an Intensive Care Unit. It is a qualitative study in which companions of patients hospitalized at the pediatric and coronary ICUs of the Botucatu School of Medicine University Hospital - UNESP were interviewed. The reports were analyzed through the Content Analysis Technique proposed by Bardin (96). The identified categories were: patient reception and the ICU enviroment - physical structure and health care professionals. Family members' perceptions of being companions reflected a non-differentiation between being a companion and being a visitor; however, they emphasized that the presence of relatives, even if only at visiting hours, helped patients' recovery as well as made them calm. Companions considered the information provided by health care professionals to be adequate and truthful. The care given at the units was perceived as satisfactory although the respondents reported the need to reconsider the units' rules and routine, especially as concerns visiting hours. The perception concerning acommodation reflected the possibility of being close to the patient; however, they revealed the difficulty of not having an appropriate accomodation area near the ICU. They also perceived that the University Hospital... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Maria de Lourdes da Silva Marques Ferreira / Coorientador: Ione Correa / Banca: Ilda de Godoy / Banca: Maria José Sanches Marin / Mestre

Este trabalho visa contribuir para o conhecimento dos consumos de energia em uma planta típica de produção de biodiesel. A energia consumida no processo de produção de um combustível deve ser compatível com aquela por ele disponibilizada em suas utilizações. Assim, avaliou-se a energia térmica teórica em kJ/kg envolvida na produção de uma unidade de massa de biodiesel comparando-a com o seu poder calorífico inferior (PCI). Às operações unitárias deste processo, foram aplicados os balanços de materiais e de energia como método para calcular a carga térmica em cada operação para determinar o consumo de energia. Para tanto foi necessário encontrar uma fórmula molecular representativa para o óleo e uma para o biodiesel, com cálculos partindo da massa molar de cada um. A aplicação dos cálculos do balanço de entalpia em algumas operações unitárias dependia dos valores das entalpias de formação do óleo e do biodiesel, que foram calculadas pelo princípio de Hess, através das reações de combustão. O consumo de vapor da planta de biodiesel foi calculado através da massa de vapor consumida em todo o processo sendo comparada com o consumo de biodiesel necessário para a produção desse vapor. O processo analisado consome 25% do biodiesel produzido para gerar suas necessidades de aquecimento, confirmando a utilização do biodiesel como combustível em termos energéticos. / This work aims at contributing to the knowledge of energy consumption in a typical plant of biodiesel production. The energy consumed in the production of fuel must be compatible to the one available in its updating. Therefore, the theoretical thermal energy involved in the production of a biodiesel mass unit in kJ/kg has been evaluated compared to its lower heat value (LHV). To the unitary operations of this process, the balance of materials and energy has been applied as a method to calculate the thermal charge in each operation to determine the energy consumption. To do so, it was necessary to find representative molecular formulas for both oil and biodiesel, with calculations based on the molar mass of each. The application of the calculations of the enthalpy balance in some unitary operations depended on the values of the formation enthalpies of oil and biodiesel, which have been calculated through the principle of Hess, by means of the reactions of combustion. The consumption of steam from the biodiesel plant has been calculated through the steam mass consumed all over the process being compared to the necessary consumption of biodiesel to produce this steam. The analyzed process consumes 25% of the biodiesel produced to generate its heating necessities, confirming the use of biodiesel as fuel in energy terms.

The market-leading wage and PA-.system for the Swedish public sector Palasso is developed in Karlstad. In order to achieve the highest quality of code , the developing team behind Palasso has been conducting extensive testing. Testing is done to ensure that the software does what it should do. However, the testing has been done at a high level. In order to continue to evolve, the group that develops Palasso has started to look at the new development methods that have become popular in the computer industry in recent years. These methods are based on the use of tests as low as possible so-called unit tests. To examine the possibility for Palasso to use unit testing, the study has been divided into two parts. First, a study of existing frameworks to find the best suited one for Palasso. Then, by using the selected framework, a second study is conducted to see if it is possible integrate unit testing with the Palasso system. This part was divided into two methods. In the first method a existing functionality was redeveloped to show how the code should be structured and implemented to be suitable for unit tests. In the second method unit testing was introduced on legacy code to prove that it was possible to introduce unit test and that small changes can make the code more testable. The best suited framework for Palasso was TestNG. TestNG was chosen because it was easy to use and it had scalability. The second study showed that it is possible to integrate unit tests with the Palasso system. But it should be introduced when new modules are developed or when existing code is modified. The introduction of unit testing provides many advantages. It is concluded that the quality of the Palassos system would benefit from using unit testing. / I Karlstad utvecklas det marknadsledande löne- och PA-stytemet för den statliga sektorn Palasso. För att få så hög kvalité på Palasso som möjligt genomförs omfattande testning. Testning genomförs för att säkerställa att mjukvaran gör det den ska göra. Dock har testningen varit på en högre nivå. För att fortsätta utvecklas har gruppen som utvecklar Palasso börjat att snegla på de nya utvecklingsmetoderna som har blivit populära inom dataindustrin de senaste åren. Dessa utvecklingsmetoder bygger på att använda sig av test på så låg nivå som möjligt, så kallade enhetstest. För att undersöka möjligheterna för Palasso att använda enhetstest, har två olika delar undersökts av detta arbete. Först genomfördes en studie av de befintliga ramverk som finns för enhetstest. Därefter valdes det ramverk som var bäst lämpad för Palasso. Därefter genomfördes en experimentdel för att se om det var möjligt att införa enhetstest på Palasso. Detta gjordes med det valda testramverket. Denna del delades upp i två metoder. I metod 1 togs en modul av Palasso och skrevs om för att visa på hur koden måste vara uppbyggd för att enhetstestning ska kunna införas. I metod 2 infördes enhetstest på befintlig kod för att bevisa att det var möjligt att införa enhetstest och att små ändringar gör koden mer testbar. Det ramverk som valdes till det bäst lämpade för Palasso blev TestNG. Detta för att det var lätt att använda och att det var skalbart. Genom experimentdelen kunde slutsatsen dras att det var möjligt att införa enhetstest på Palasso. Det ska dock införas i samband med nyutveckling eller när ändringar av den befintliga koden ska genomföras. Införandet av enhetstest ger många fördelar därför är slutsatsen att det vore Palassossystemets kvalité till gagn att använda sig av enhetstest.

A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine.

Westinghouse Fuel Manufacturing in Västerås, Sweden, manufactures fuel rods for nuclear plants. Manufacturing-IT is a software development section at Westinghouse Fuel Manufacturing. This thesis involves the development of a unit testing methodology (UTM) for the Manufacturing-IT section, which currently does not follow a well-defined software test process. By evaluating different unit testing best practices and UTM design issues collected from literature, articles, papers and the Internet, a UTM document was developed. The UTM document was developed according to requirements from Manufacturing-IT and as an extension to existing documents within the Westinghouse organization. The UTM was evaluated by applying the methodology in a case study. A single unit within a production control system in the rod manufacturing workshop at the Westinghouse fuel factory in Västerås was tested. Asides from evaluating the UTM, the case study was intended to find software tools that could simplify the unit testing process, and to test the production control system unit thoroughly. The 182 test cases designed and implemented revealed 28 faults in the tested unit. NUnit was chosen to be the tool for automated unit testing in the UTM. The results from the case study indicate that the methods and other unit testing process related activities included in the UTM document developed are applicable to unit testing. However, adjustments and further evaluation will be needed in order to enhance the UTM. The UTM developed in this thesis is a first step towards a structured testing process for the Manufacturing-IT section and the UTM document will be used at the Manufacturing-IT section. By using the methods and other unit testing process related activities in the UTM developed in this thesis, any company or individual with similar requirements for a UTM as Manufacturing-IT, and that performs unit testing in an unstructured way, may benefit in that a more structured unit testing process is achieved.

In recent years the deregulation of energy markets and expansion of volatile renewable energy supplies has triggered an increased interest in stochastic optimization models for thermal and hydro-thermal scheduling. Several studies have modelled this as stochastic linear or mixed-integer optimization problems. Although a variety of efficient solution techniques have been developed for these models, little is published about the added value of stochastic models over deterministic ones. In the context of day-ahead and intraday unit commitment under wind uncertainty, we compare two-stage and multi-stage stochastic models to deterministic ones and quantify their added value. We show that stochastic optimization models achieve minimal operational cost without having to tune reserve margins in advance, and that their superiority over deterministic models grows with the amount of uncertainty in the relevant wind forecasts. We present a modification of the WILMAR scenario generation technique designed to match the properties of the errors in our wind forcasts, and show that this is needed to make the stochastic approach worthwhile. Our evaluation is done in a rolling horizon fashion over the course of two years, using a 2020 central scheduling model of the British National Grid with transmission constraints and a detailed model of pump storage operation and system-wide reserve and response provision. Solving stochastic problems directly is computationally intractable for large instances, and alternative approaches are required. In this study we use a Dantzig-Wolfe reformulation to decompose the problem by scenarios. We derive and implement a column generation method with dual stabilisation and novel primal and dual initialisation techniques. A fast, novel schedule combination heuristic is used to construct an optimal primal solution, and numerical results show that knowing this solution from the start also improves the convergence of the lower bound in the column generation method significantly. We test this method on instances of our British model and illustrate that convergence to within 0.1% of optimality can be achieved quickly.