In the current study, we have investigated the cyclic loading behavior of conventional as well as novel alloy system exhibiting fine and ultrafine-grained structure. While in case of conventional alloy systems (here aluminum alloy AA5024), the effect of three different grain sizes was investigated. Improvement in fatigue properties was observed with decreasing grain size. The unique microstructure produced via Friction stir processing was responsible for the improved fatigue response. Additionally, microstructures consisting of a high fraction of special boundaries within the fine and ultrafine-grained regime were also subjected to cyclic loading. The hierarchical features introduced in the eutectic high entropy alloy deflected the persistent slip bands, responsible for fatigue cracking, thus resulted in delayed crack initiation and improved fatigue life. The selective nature of fatigue was learnt in the fine grain Al0.5CoCrFeNi, where the introduction of hierarchical features did not result in improved fatigue properties. The weak links in the microstructure, while not affecting the tensile properties, got exposed during cyclic loading. Further study on the medium entropy alloy revealed the inherent reason for the improved fatigue properties. The medium entropy alloys utilized the benefit of UFG single-phase FCC matrix. The UFG matrix showed signs of transformation of FCC phase into the HCP phase during fatigue deformation and hence exhibited improved work-hardening. Alongside atomic scale transformation, stacking faults and nano-twins can also be attributed for obtained cyclic properties.