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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Non-Planar Nanotube and Wavy Architecture Based Ultra-High Performance Field Effect Transistors

Hanna, Amir 11 1900 (has links)
This dissertation presents a unique concept for a device architecture named the nanotube (NT) architecture, which is capable of higher drive current compared to the Gate-All-Around Nanowire architecture when applied to heterostructure Tunnel Field Effect Transistors. Through the use of inner/outer core-shell gates, heterostructure NT TFET leverages physically larger tunneling area thus achieving higher driver current (ION) and saving real estates by eliminating arraying requirement. We discuss the physics of p-type (Silicon/Indium Arsenide) and n-type (Silicon/Germanium hetero-structure) based TFETs. Numerical TCAD simulations have shown that NT TFETs have 5x and 1.6 x higher normalized ION when compared to GAA NW TFET for p and n-type TFETs, respectively. This is due to the availability of larger tunneling junction cross sectional area, and lower Shockley-Reed-Hall recombination, while achieving sub 60 mV/dec performance for more than 5 orders of magnitude of drain current, thus enabling scaling down of Vdd to 0.5 V. This dissertation also introduces a novel thin-film-transistors architecture that is named the Wavy Channel (WC) architecture, which allows for extending device width by integrating vertical fin-like substrate corrugations giving rise to up to 50% larger device width, without occupying extra chip area. The novel architecture shows 2x higher output drive current per unit chip area when compared to conventional planar architecture. The current increase is attributed to both the extra device width and 50% enhancement in field effect mobility due to electrostatic gating effects. Digital circuits are fabricated to demonstrate the potential of integrating WC TFT based circuits. WC inverters have shown 2× the peak-to-peak output voltage for the same input, and ~2× the operation frequency of the planar inverters for the same peak-to-peak output voltage. WC NAND circuits have shown 2× higher peak-to-peak output voltage, and 3× lower high-to-low propagation delay times when compared to their planar counterparts. WC NOR circuits have shown 70% higher peak-to-peak output voltage, over their planar counterparts. Finally, a WC based pass transistor logic multiplexer circuit is demonstrated, which has shown more than 5× faster high-to-low propagation delay compared to its planar counterpart at a similar peak-to-peak output voltage.
2

Contribuições ao dimensionamento de torres eólicas de concreto. / Contributions to design of concrete wind towers.

Gama, Paulo Vitor Calmon Nogueira da 20 May 2015 (has links)
O trabalho dedica-se ao estudo das torres eólicas protendidas de concreto, com a finalidade de promover a discussão sobre os critérios de dimensionamento, tema de grande relevância na atualidade. Para tal, foi considerada uma torre eólica de 100 m de altura provida de turbina de 5 MW, cujas ações foram obtidas da literatura. O carregamento de vento ao longo da torre foi tratado como estático equivalente de acordo com disposições normativas, através de uma forma simplificada para a adoção de uma velocidade de projeto equivalente à incidente no rotor. Com base na literatura, apenas as condições mais críticas foram adotadas no dimensionamento. As combinações entre os carregamentos e os coeficientes parciais de segurança foram delineados a partir do método dos estados limites, o qual se encontra amplamente difundido em normas de projeto. Os esforços e deslocamentos na torre foram obtidos pelo método dos elementos finitos com discretização em elementos finitos unidimensionais, considerando as não linearidades física e geométrica por intermédio do acoplamento de um programa comercial de elementos finitos com algoritmo desenvolvido em linguagem MATLAB, que tanto define as diversas geometrias de cada elemento ao longo da torre (seção variável), como obtém para cada um: a armadura ativa longitudinal a partir de perdas de protensão recalculadas, o diagrama momento-curvatura-força normal, e a armadura passiva longitudinal escalonada, que é otimizada durante o processo do dimensionamento. Quanto à resistência ao esforço cortante das seções anulares, foi proposto um modelo que apresentou boa concordância com os resultados experimentais obtidos na literatura. Além dos concretos convencionais, é discutido o estado-da-arte do concreto de ultra-alto desempenho reforçado com fibras, CUADRF, tratando sobre seu desenvolvimento histórico, composição, diferentes tipos, propriedades mecânicas, aplicações, recomendações para projeto e as simplificações adotadas quanto ao seu uso nas torres eólicas. Ao final foram realizadas análises paramétricas relativas à geometria e à classe de concreto para dois tipos de torres: em tronco de cone e de variação parabólica. Uma das principais conclusões do trabalho é que a otimização da área de aço passivo ocorre de forma sistemática para as torres de frequência natural mais baixa, tornando indispensável o uso de um modelo não linear para o correto dimensionamento. Além disso, as torres obtidas foram comparadas através do custo material total, constatando-se que as torres mais econômicas possuíam variação parabólica. Isso permitiu aferir um valor inicial para o qual o uso do CUADRF em torres eólicas passaria a ser competitivo. / The work is dedicated to the study of prestressed wind towers of concrete, in order to promote discussion on the design criteria, highly relevant topic today. For this purpose, it was considered a wind tower 100 m high provided with 5 MW turbine, whose actions were obtained from the literature. The wind loading along the tower was treated as static equivalent in accordance with design codes, through a simplified way for the adoption of a design speed equivalent to that incident on the rotor. Based on the literature, only the most critical conditions were adopted in the design. The combinations between loads and partial safety factors were outlined by the limit states method, which is widespread in design standards. The forces and displacements in the tower were obtained by the finite element method with discretization in frame elements, through material and geometric nonlinearities. This was done through coupling of a commercial finite element program with algorithm developed in MATLAB language, which defines both the various geometries of each element along the tower (variable section), and obtains for each: prestressing reinforcement from recalculated prestressing losses, the moment-curvature-normal diagram, and the stepped longitudinal passive reinforcement that is optimized during the design process. For the shear strength of the annular sections, a model that showed good agreement with the experimental results obtained in the literature was proposed. In addition to conventional concrete, the state-of-the art of ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete, UHPFRC, is discussed, dealing on its historical development, composition, different types, mechanical properties, applications, recommendations for design and simplifications adopted on its use in wind towers. At the end were performed parametric analyzes of the geometry and the concrete class for two types of towers: frustoconical and with parabolic variation. One of the main conclusions is that the optimization of passive steel area occurs systematically to the lower natural frequency towers, making it essential to use a nonlinear model for proper design. Moreover, the towers obtained were compared with the total material cost, having noticed that most economical towers had parabolic variation for the constraints here imposed. This allowed the assessment of an initial value for which the use of UHPFRC in wind turbine towers would be competitive.
3

Contribuições ao dimensionamento de torres eólicas de concreto. / Contributions to design of concrete wind towers.

Paulo Vitor Calmon Nogueira da Gama 20 May 2015 (has links)
O trabalho dedica-se ao estudo das torres eólicas protendidas de concreto, com a finalidade de promover a discussão sobre os critérios de dimensionamento, tema de grande relevância na atualidade. Para tal, foi considerada uma torre eólica de 100 m de altura provida de turbina de 5 MW, cujas ações foram obtidas da literatura. O carregamento de vento ao longo da torre foi tratado como estático equivalente de acordo com disposições normativas, através de uma forma simplificada para a adoção de uma velocidade de projeto equivalente à incidente no rotor. Com base na literatura, apenas as condições mais críticas foram adotadas no dimensionamento. As combinações entre os carregamentos e os coeficientes parciais de segurança foram delineados a partir do método dos estados limites, o qual se encontra amplamente difundido em normas de projeto. Os esforços e deslocamentos na torre foram obtidos pelo método dos elementos finitos com discretização em elementos finitos unidimensionais, considerando as não linearidades física e geométrica por intermédio do acoplamento de um programa comercial de elementos finitos com algoritmo desenvolvido em linguagem MATLAB, que tanto define as diversas geometrias de cada elemento ao longo da torre (seção variável), como obtém para cada um: a armadura ativa longitudinal a partir de perdas de protensão recalculadas, o diagrama momento-curvatura-força normal, e a armadura passiva longitudinal escalonada, que é otimizada durante o processo do dimensionamento. Quanto à resistência ao esforço cortante das seções anulares, foi proposto um modelo que apresentou boa concordância com os resultados experimentais obtidos na literatura. Além dos concretos convencionais, é discutido o estado-da-arte do concreto de ultra-alto desempenho reforçado com fibras, CUADRF, tratando sobre seu desenvolvimento histórico, composição, diferentes tipos, propriedades mecânicas, aplicações, recomendações para projeto e as simplificações adotadas quanto ao seu uso nas torres eólicas. Ao final foram realizadas análises paramétricas relativas à geometria e à classe de concreto para dois tipos de torres: em tronco de cone e de variação parabólica. Uma das principais conclusões do trabalho é que a otimização da área de aço passivo ocorre de forma sistemática para as torres de frequência natural mais baixa, tornando indispensável o uso de um modelo não linear para o correto dimensionamento. Além disso, as torres obtidas foram comparadas através do custo material total, constatando-se que as torres mais econômicas possuíam variação parabólica. Isso permitiu aferir um valor inicial para o qual o uso do CUADRF em torres eólicas passaria a ser competitivo. / The work is dedicated to the study of prestressed wind towers of concrete, in order to promote discussion on the design criteria, highly relevant topic today. For this purpose, it was considered a wind tower 100 m high provided with 5 MW turbine, whose actions were obtained from the literature. The wind loading along the tower was treated as static equivalent in accordance with design codes, through a simplified way for the adoption of a design speed equivalent to that incident on the rotor. Based on the literature, only the most critical conditions were adopted in the design. The combinations between loads and partial safety factors were outlined by the limit states method, which is widespread in design standards. The forces and displacements in the tower were obtained by the finite element method with discretization in frame elements, through material and geometric nonlinearities. This was done through coupling of a commercial finite element program with algorithm developed in MATLAB language, which defines both the various geometries of each element along the tower (variable section), and obtains for each: prestressing reinforcement from recalculated prestressing losses, the moment-curvature-normal diagram, and the stepped longitudinal passive reinforcement that is optimized during the design process. For the shear strength of the annular sections, a model that showed good agreement with the experimental results obtained in the literature was proposed. In addition to conventional concrete, the state-of-the art of ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete, UHPFRC, is discussed, dealing on its historical development, composition, different types, mechanical properties, applications, recommendations for design and simplifications adopted on its use in wind towers. At the end were performed parametric analyzes of the geometry and the concrete class for two types of towers: frustoconical and with parabolic variation. One of the main conclusions is that the optimization of passive steel area occurs systematically to the lower natural frequency towers, making it essential to use a nonlinear model for proper design. Moreover, the towers obtained were compared with the total material cost, having noticed that most economical towers had parabolic variation for the constraints here imposed. This allowed the assessment of an initial value for which the use of UHPFRC in wind turbine towers would be competitive.

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