M.S.

The experiments made in this study covered the investigation of the “self corrosion” of antimony and tin alloy lead cable sheath that was effected by various soil characteristics and by various classes of soil solutions. The study was made entirely with laboratory specimens and solutions and while it was difficult to attain the desired results, yet results of sufficiently distinctive character were secured in most cases to permit of an intelligent comparison and interpretation. In general, the principal cause of soil corrosion of underground lead cable are the presence of organic matter and poor drainage. When organic matter decomposes the resulting organic solids, mainly acetic, attack the cable sheath with resulting corrosion products. Moisture, up to a certain point, is very detrimental, not only in aiding electrolysis, but by causing the formation of hydroxides. However, the presence of a great amount of water seems to retard corrosive action by making the approach of oxygen difficult. The presence of oxidizing agents, such as the nitrates, also enhances corrosion. The nature of soil corrosion on cable sheath is usually that of a crater-like pitting of the surface. In these pits are found the corrosive products, probably lead salts in the form of carbonate or sulphate. The amount of corrosion varies over different parts of the surface, due to the non-uniform distribution of the agent causing the corrosion. Just how much of this corrosion is effected by local galvanic action is indeterminable from this study, but the American Committee on Electrolysis holds this as a very important factor. Alkalis, as well as acids, have detrimental corrosive effects on lead cable. This was shown very decisively in this study, and for these reasons, it is thought a bad policy to place non-protected cable in the vicinity of calcareous substances, such as concrete. In some cases where acids are probably present in drainage waters, limestone placed near the cable may have a neutralizing effect, but to what extent this principle should be practiced is a matter for conjecture. It is believed that the chief corrosive effect of salts is due to their aid to galvanic action. However, in many cases it is evident that they also effect corrosion products by chemical union with the cable sheath itself. From this study it is evident that the whole matter of the corrosion of lead in the soil is very complicated. Not only does the popular amphoteric character of this metal enter into the problem, but also the physical character of the metal structure itself. These factors, combined with the complexities of the chemical content of the ground solutions, make the whole question of the soil corrosion of lead a matter for further and more intense study. In conclusion, the author wishes to express his appreciation to Mr. D. S. Hilborn, Electrolysis Engineer of the Bell Telephone Company of Pennsylvania, and Professor F. O. Anderegg of the Chemistry Department of the Purdue University, for their advice and directions in the conduction of these experiments. / Master of Science

published_or_final_version / Electrical Engineering / Master / Master of Science in Engineering

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2006. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 134-141).

Thesis--Ph. D., University of Hong Kong. / Mimeographed.

(Uncorrected OCR) Abstract of thesis entitled liField analysis in power supply lines by integraJ. equation methodll subm1 tted by FOe, PIK YlJE for the degree of Ph.D at the University of Hong Kong in December, 1974. Abstract In this thesis, the integral equation (I.E.) method has been employed successfully to solve field problems in power supply lines. Though the I.E. method is mathematically quite involved, it is shown that it is possible to treat the integral equation as a system of linear equations. Hence the transformed simultaneous linear equations can be considered as the starting point for solving problems either in overhead lines or \Ulderground power cables. In overhead lines, especially in Extra-High-Voltage and Ultra- High-Voltage systems, an evaluation of the electric field near each conductor, especially the maximum electric field, is essential as corona and radio interference become important considerations in the design of such lines. The I.E. method has many advantages over the other existing methods in calculating the potential gradient at the surface of the overhead lines in that it yieldS reasonably accurate results with comparatively simple numerical computations. The difference between the present method and the existing methods is the basic assumption. In the I.E. method, subconductor surfaces are treated as equipotential lines whereas in other existing methods, the subconductor surfaces usually do not coincide with the simulated equipotential lines. The method can also be applied equally well to symmetrical or asymmetrical bundle conductors with or without ground wires. Other parameters such as capacitances, potential gradients at the earth surface etc. are also included in the computer program. In underground cable systems, the I. E. method proves to be very effective in tackling the thermal field problem, especially when the cables are buried shallow and thus the earth i s surface can no longer be treated as isothermal. .It has been found that the thermal resistance (external) obtained wi::;h a non-isothermal earth surface is considerably higher than that obtained under the assuumption of an isothermal earth surface. With non.-isothermal earth surface, the temperature difference on the earth surface between the spot vertically above the cable and the spot at a distance eClual to twice the depth of burial of the cable away could be as high as lOoe. The finite-difference or fini te-搪lement method could likewise be used to solve the problem of a non-isothermal ea>:>th surface, but the computer storage re'luired and the execution time would be much more than that using the I.E. method. / abstract / toc / Electrical and Electronic Engineering / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Victoria University (Melbourne, Vic.), 2009.

Orientador: André Nunes de Souza / Banca: Helio Eiji Sueta / Banca: Pedro da Costa Junior / Resumo: Com a modernização da sociedade e o grande crescimento tecnológico visto nos últimos anos, é difícil de imaginar a ausência da energia elétrica nos dias atuais, pois tudo depende da energia para funcionar. A energia elétrica é fundamental para todos os setores da sociedade: residencial, comercial e industrial. A qualidade de seu fornecimento também é muito importante, pois é a qualidade que garante o correto funcionamento de todos os processos realizados no dia-a-dia. No entanto, nenhum sistema, por melhor que seja, é imune à ocorrências de falhas. Assim sendo, uma boa monitoração destas falhas é necessária para realização de manobras de correção mais eficientes. Além disso, a crescente preocupação ambiental faz com que as concessionárias busquem melhores formas de levar a energia à energia à população, com redes mais seguras, mais confiáveis e também mais baratas. Os sistemas subterrâneos têm demonstrado ser uma boa solução no que diz respeito à segurança, confiabilidade e preocupação ambiental, porém a sua instalação ainda é muito cara em comparação com as redes aéreas convencionais. Como todos os sistemas, as redes subterrâneas também estão sujeitas a defeitos. A correta localização a falta (defeito) em cabos subterrâneos de distribuição de energia elétrica não é uma tarefa trivial. Além da dificuldade de acesso ao sistema, existe o alto custo das medições dos parâmetros e a necessidade de uma análise de um especialista dos sinais medidos, ocasionando erros que têm se mostrado custosos. A proposta desta dissertação consiste em estudar os sistemas subterrâneos através de ferramentas computacionais e desenvolver um sistema inteligente que auxilie com a precisão de localização de faltas subterrâneos de distribuição de energia elétrica / Abstract: With the modernization of society and the great technological growth in the last years, it is hard to imagine the absence of electric power nowadays, because everything depends on energy to work. Electricity is fundamental to all sectors of society: residential, commercial and industrial. The quality supply is also very important, since quality guarantees the correct functioning of all processes performed in a daily basis. However, no system is immune to the occurrence of faults. Therefore, a good monitoring of these faults is necessary for more efficient correction adjustments. In addition, the growing environmental concerns make the power utilities to find better ways to take energy to the population, through safer more reliable and also cheaper networks. The underground system has be found to be a good approach to improve safety, reliability and environmental features, but its installation is still very expensive when compared to conventional overhead systems. Like any system, the underground networks are subjects to defects. The correct fault localization (defect) in eletricity distribution underground networks is not a trivial task, it is not just due to a difficult system acess, the high cost of measurements of the parameters and the required expert analysis of the measured signals. These factors are source of errors that have proven costly. The purpose of this dissertation is to study underground system using computational tools and develop an intelligent system to accurately assist to locating of faults in underground cables of power distribution networks / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-08-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:08:09Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 gastaldello_ds_me_bauru.pdf: 1214010 bytes, checksum: 29dee0e501a74b98535a82f676d332d4 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Com a modernização da sociedade e o grande crescimento tecnológico visto nos últimos anos, é difícil de imaginar a ausência da energia elétrica nos dias atuais, pois tudo depende da energia para funcionar. A energia elétrica é fundamental para todos os setores da sociedade: residencial, comercial e industrial. A qualidade de seu fornecimento também é muito importante, pois é a qualidade que garante o correto funcionamento de todos os processos realizados no dia-a-dia. No entanto, nenhum sistema, por melhor que seja, é imune à ocorrências de falhas. Assim sendo, uma boa monitoração destas falhas é necessária para realização de manobras de correção mais eficientes. Além disso, a crescente preocupação ambiental faz com que as concessionárias busquem melhores formas de levar a energia à energia à população, com redes mais seguras, mais confiáveis e também mais baratas. Os sistemas subterrâneos têm demonstrado ser uma boa solução no que diz respeito à segurança, confiabilidade e preocupação ambiental, porém a sua instalação ainda é muito cara em comparação com as redes aéreas convencionais. Como todos os sistemas, as redes subterrâneas também estão sujeitas a defeitos. A correta localização a falta (defeito) em cabos subterrâneos de distribuição de energia elétrica não é uma tarefa trivial. Além da dificuldade de acesso ao sistema, existe o alto custo das medições dos parâmetros e a necessidade de uma análise de um especialista dos sinais medidos, ocasionando erros que têm se mostrado custosos. A proposta desta dissertação consiste em estudar os sistemas subterrâneos através de ferramentas computacionais e desenvolver um sistema inteligente que auxilie com a precisão de localização de faltas subterrâneos de distribuição de energia elétrica / With the modernization of society and the great technological growth in the last years, it is hard to imagine the absence of electric power nowadays, because everything depends on energy to work. Electricity is fundamental to all sectors of society: residential, commercial and industrial. The quality supply is also very important, since quality guarantees the correct functioning of all processes performed in a daily basis. However, no system is immune to the occurrence of faults. Therefore, a good monitoring of these faults is necessary for more efficient correction adjustments. In addition, the growing environmental concerns make the power utilities to find better ways to take energy to the population, through safer more reliable and also cheaper networks. The underground system has be found to be a good approach to improve safety, reliability and environmental features, but its installation is still very expensive when compared to conventional overhead systems. Like any system, the underground networks are subjects to defects. The correct fault localization (defect) in eletricity distribution underground networks is not a trivial task, it is not just due to a difficult system acess, the high cost of measurements of the parameters and the required expert analysis of the measured signals. These factors are source of errors that have proven costly. The purpose of this dissertation is to study underground system using computational tools and develop an intelligent system to accurately assist to locating of faults in underground cables of power distribution networks