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Let π1,  π2, ... π be k (>_2) populations. Let  πi (i = 1, 2, ..., k) be characterized by the uniform distributionon (ai, bi), where exactly one of ai and bi is unknown. With unequal sample sizes, suppose that we wish to select arandom-size subset of the populations containing the one withthe smallest value of 0i = bi - ai. Rule Ri selects πi iff a likelihood-based k-dimensional confidence region for the unknown (01,..., 0k) contains at least one point having 0i as its smallest component. A second rule, R, is derived through a likelihood ratio and is equivalent to that of Barr and Rizvi (1966) when the sample sizes are equal. Numerical comparisons are made. The results apply to the larger class of densities g(z; 0i) = M(z)Q(0i) iff a(0i) < z < b(0i). Extensions to the cases when both ai and bi are unknown and when 0max is of interest are i i indicated. / digitalisering@umu

The thesis demonstrates a low-cost, low-bandwidth and low-resolution Analog-to- Digital Converter(ADC) in 0.35 um CMOS Process. A second-order Sigma-Delta modulator is used as the basis of the A/D Converter. A Semi-Uniform quantizer is used with the modulator to take advantage of input distributions that are dominated by smaller-amplitude signals e.g. Audio, Voice and Image-sensor signals. A Single-bit feedback topology is used with a multi-bit quantizer in the modulator. This topology avoids the use of a multi-bit DAC in the feedback loop – hence the system does not need to use digital correction techniques to compensate for a multi-bit DAC nonlinearity. High-Level Simulations of the second-order Sigma-Delta modulator single-bit feedback topology along with a Semi-Uniform quantizer are performed in Cadence. Results indicate that a 5-bit Semi-Uniform quantizer with a Over-Sampling Ratio of 32, can achieve a resolution of 10 bits, in addition, a semi-uniform quantizer exhibits a 5-6 dB gain in SNR over its uniform counterpart for input amplitudes smaller than –10 dB. Finally, this system is designed in 0.35um CMOS process.

<p>Impulse propagation in cardiac muscle is determined not only by the excitable properties of the myocyte membrane, but also by the gross and fine structure of cardiac muscle. Ionic diffusion pathways are defined by the muscle's interconnected myocytes and interweaving interstitial spaces. Resistive variations arising from spatial changes in tissue structure, including geometry, composition and electrical properties have a significant impact on the success or failure of impulse propagation. Although much as been learned about the impact of discrete resistive architecture of the intracellular space, the role of the interstitial space in the spread of electrical activity is less well understood or appreciated at the microscopic scale. </p><p>The interstitial space, or interstitium, occupies from 20-25% of the total heart volume. </p><p>The structural and material composition of the interstitial space is both complex and </p><p>heterogeneous, encompassing non-myocyte cell structures and a conglomeration of </p><p>extracellular matrix proteins. The spatial distribution of the interstitium can vary from confined spaces between abutting myocytes and tightly packed cardiac fibers to large gaps between cardiac bundles and sheets</p><p>This work presents a discrete multidomain formulation that describes the three-dimensional ionic diffusion pathways between connected myocytes within a variable interstitial physiology and morphology. Unlike classically used continuous and discontinuous models of impulse propagation, the intracellular and extracellular spaces are represented as spatially distinct volumes with dynamic and static boundary conditions that electrically couple neighboring spaces to form the electrically cooperative tissue model. The discrete multidomain model provides a flexible platform to simulate impulse propagation at the microscopic scale within a three-dimensional context. The three-dimensional description of the interstitial space that </p><p>encompasses a single cell improves the capability of the model to realistically investigate the impact of the discontinuous and electrotonic inhomogeneities of the myocardium's interstitium.</p><p>Under the discrete multidomain representation, a non-uniformly described interstitium </p><p>capturing the passive properties of the intravascular space or variable distribution and </p><p>composition of the extracellular space that encompasses a cardiac fiber creates an </p><p>electrotonic load perpendicular to the direction of the propagating wavefront. During </p><p>longitudinal propagation along a cardiac fiber, results demonstrate waveshape </p><p>alterations due to variations in loads experienced radially that would have been otherwise masked in traditional model descriptions. Findings present a mechanism for eliminating myocyte membrane participation in impulse propagation, as the result of decreased loading experienced radially from a non-uniformly resistive extracellular space. Ultimately, conduction velocity increases by decreasing the "effective" surface-to-volume ratio, as theoretically hypothesized to occur in the conducting Purkinje tissue.</p> / Dissertation

In many digital signal processing applications, we often need some special function units that can compute complicated arithmetic functions such as reciprocal, logarithm, power of 2, trigonometric functions, etc. The most popular designs are based on look-up tables with polynomial approximation. However, the table size will increase significantly in accordance with precision. In this thesis, we propose a method called remapping to reduce the table size by using non-uniform segmentation. When we obtain the coefficients for all segments, we do not store them in order. By sorting the coefficients in the ROM ,we design a efficient hardware mapping. The method can reduce the ROM size with lower extra cost spent in address mapping for non-uniform segmentation.

Abstract This study investigates the waves and current field interaction with a perforated floating breakwater which is fastened by tension lags. As the predecessor done, the porous media governing equation is adopted inside the perforated floating breakwater, but a control volume concept has been applied in the breakwater in order to find the external forces on the system. A new dispersion equation has been introduced with the fact of the uniform current influence on the reflection waves (moving upstream direction) and the transmission waves (moving downstream direction). Since the whole system belongs to a domain problem and also assumes it can be linearlized, a boundary element method (BEM) is developed to solved the problem. To confirm this new BEM is correct and accuracy, a zero current has been set and compared its results with analytical solutions that was published by the predecessor. The comparison between the new BEM and analytical solutions has good agreements. It means the BEM developed by this paper has its own accuracy. Based on the same numerical model, a floating breakwater and waves/current interaction problems are investigated. The results have shown that the uniform current will degrade the reflection coefficients but increase the transmission coefficients. In general, the perforated floating breakwater, which is deeper under the water and longer in width, has smaller transmission coefficients. But practically when designing a perforated floating breakwater, we still suggest to increase the width rather than to deepen the depth. It is because the effects of dissipating wave energy are more obvious when increasing the width.

In this thesis, first we replace the condition X ¡Ø y in Huang and Su (2000) by X ¡Ù y and give necessary and sufficient conditions such that there exists a random variable X satisfying that E(g(X)| X ¡Ø y)=h(y) f(y )/ F(y), " y &#x00CE; CX, where CX is the support of X.Next, we investigate necessary and sufficient conditions such that h(y)=E(g(X) | X ¡Ø y ), for a given function h and extend these results to bivariate case.

ABSTRACT In the present study, it is emphasized that mixed-type finite element formulation, which is different from the conventional displacement-type formulation, has both displacements and stresses as its primary variables. Therefore, stress, as well as displacement boundary conditions, can be imposed easily and exactly. Except around the outer edge where support is placed, stresses obtained by both displacement and mixed formulation are close to each other when the circular plate is subject to transverse uniform loading. However, large discrepancies exist around the locations of constraints, where the stresses are always significant and critical. Since mixed formulation of the present study can completely satisfy the stress and displacement boundary conditions, it can theoretically provide more accurate stress analysis and should be considered as a more appropriate analysis tool.

In many digital signal processing applications, we often need some special function units which can compute complicated arithmetic functions such as reciprocal and logarithm. Conventionally, table-based arithmetic design strategy uses lookup tables to implement these kinds of function units. However, the table size will increase exponentially with respect to the required precision. In this thesis, we propose two methods to reduce the table size: bottom-up non-uniform segmentation and the approach which merges uniform piecewise interpolation and Newton-Raphson method. Experimental results show that we obtain significant table sizes reduction in most cases.

A Boolean partition algebra is a pair $(B,F)$ where $B$ is a Boolean algebra and $F$ is a filter on the semilattice of partitions of $B$ where $\bigcup F=B\setminus\{0\}$. In this dissertation, we shall investigate the algebraic theory of Boolean partition algebras and their connection with uniform spaces. In particular, we shall show that the category of complete non-Archimedean uniform spaces is equivalent to a subcategory of the category of Boolean partition algebras, and notions such as supercompleteness of non-Archimedean uniform spaces can be formulated in terms of Boolean partition algebras.