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The purpose of this study is to examine the overland trade with northern Mexico as international trade, to analyze its unique role in the economic development of both New Mexico and Missouri, and to evaluate the influence of Mexican gold and silver on the economic development of Missouri. The economic development of the United States between the beginning of the Revolution and the Civil War was attended by uncertainty, risk, and experimentation. The United States was exceedingly poor in specie, had almost no liquid capital, and its international credit rating was not well established. The United States currency system was based on paper money in contrast to that of New Spain and Mexico.Chapter I discusses the vagaries of a paper currency system, especially when the young nation was trying to establish its international credit rating, fight a war with England, and develop a wilderness on its western frontier. The problems were made more difficult because citizens of the United States lacked not only financial experience, but also adequate liquid capital. Mexico, however, had gold and silver ores and the capacity to mint coin. Northern Mexico was handicapped by Spanish commercial policies; until independence in 1821, it had little industrial capacity and almost no mercantile facilities. Chapter II provides an overview of New Mexico in 1820. Taken together, these two chapters show the mutual economic benefit to be derived by both New Mexico and Missouri from the development of the trade.Chapter III is a detailed chronological study of the events of the first decade of the trade between Santa Fe and Missouri. It brings together into one place the most up-to-date information on the participants in the trade from 1820-1830. Comparisons are made between the Anglo-American sources and the Spanish-American records; an effort is made to fill in as many gaps as possible and to check the accuracy of both sets of records. In this chapter the chief participants in the trade are studied.Chapter IV studies the nature of banking, credit, and currency problems in Missouri. It shows the tendency of people on the frontier of the United States to resort to experimentation in their efforts to deal with deflation, recession, and depression. Particular emphasis is given the panics of 1819 and 1837. The chapter also shows the effects in St. Louis of rapid growth and inflation. The unique role of Mexican gold and silver in the establishment of Missouri finance is studied. Between 1830 and 1840, as Chapter V shows, the merchant-capitalists of St. Louis replaced the farmer-merchants of the period 1820-1830, and the exchange of trade goods for Mexican specie and bullion increased steadily. The specie flow to Missouri reversed the usual United States frontier economic condition. Missouri accumulated enough liquid capital to launch St. Louis into position of "the Gateway to the West" as the great movement of people to California and Oregon began in the 1840's.In Chapter VI, a comparison of coin in circulation in the United States and coins minted by the United States correlates with the specie flow from Mexico to Missouri. The data vindicates the thesis that the key to St. Louis' financial success in the early years of Missouri's statehood lay in its trade with northern Mexico which resulted in the accumulation of the most valuable of all commodities, gold and silver specie and bullion.

This thesis begins with a review of the elite debate over free trade with the United States. It then uses a three-fold theoretical framework to formulate predictions of how mass opinion should line up. It then analyzes public opinion data on free trade through the use of crosstabulations. Using a theory of changing exposure to international trade upon domestic political cleavages formulated by Ronald Rogowski, it predicts that labour will oppose free trade because it is a scarce factor of production, and capital will support it because it is an abundant factor of production. It next uses work by, among others, W.A. Mackintosh to predict that respondents in the "industrial heartland" regions of Canada--Quebec and Ontario--will oppose free trade because it threatens to remove the protective tariff that rewards import replacement industries concentrated in those two regions. In contrast, residents of the "resource extracting and processing hinterland" regions—British Columbia, the Prairies and the Atlantic—will, on balance, support free trade because it promises to improve their export performance. The thesis then predicts that women and lower income Canadians will oppose free trade. Women because many of the services that they consume—health and day care, for example—will become more difficult to obtain under a free trade regime. Women will also oppose free trade because it may be threaten the service sector jobs that many women now hold. Lower income Canadians should oppose free trade because of the possible deleterious effects greater reliance on the market to allocate social services could have on poorer Canadians. Finally, the thesis predicts that better-educated Canadians will oppose free trade because it threatens one of the "core-values" of Canadian society: independence from the United States. Data analysis reveals, however, that opinion is remarkably balanced. For example, the difference between union and non-union respondents is only five percent. Regionally, the largest differences in support for free trade is between British Columbia and Ontario, but it amounts to little more than a twenty percent difference. Women are slightly more likely to oppose free trade than men; income appears to play little role in the formation of opinion on free trade. Last, differences in opinion between articulate and less well educated Canadians also appears to be insignificant. / Arts, Faculty of / Political Science, Department of / Graduate

The purpose of the study is to make a survey and analysis of the export trade of the United States with Mexico. Attention is given to the kinds and types of goods exported to Mexico and imported from it, to the value of the trade, to some ways of carrying it on, and to aspects of Mexican life that influence trade relations.

This study is one of five such studies dealing with the general subject of growth which have been undertaken recently in the School of Business of North Texas State College. This study is the third in the series and is concerned, as were the previous studies, with the general subject of growth. However, this third study is concerned with the compound annual rates of growth, during definite economic epochs, of net profit after taxes for more than 150 prominent corporations. The problem involved in this study is threefold: (1) to determine what constitutes growth, (2) to determine which corporations are growing, and (3) to determine as nearly as possible the growth characteristics of the corporations employed.

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No description available.

In a setting of increased movement, communication, and flows across space, commodity chain networks bring valued cultural commodities to transnational communities. This research examines the networks bringing foreign cuisine ingredients to Peruvian transnational communities in San Francisco, California. It seeks to answer three inter-related questions: 1) What are the origins and transportation networks bringing Peruvian food items to San Francisco; 2) Who controls and benefits from the movement of this food and resulting capital; and 3) How do networks vary for different classes of end consumers? Chefs of ten Peruvian restaurants and ten Peruvian migrants in the San Francisco area are interviewed to determine primary imported Peruvian food items and their cultural value. Interviews with representatives of major importing companies as well as searches of import/export databases are used to trace network flows. Flow maps follow the food items from the point of origin to the point of consumption and visually demonstrate the flow of resulting capital. Additionally, network maps are divided into three categories determined by end consumer: expensive restaurant, moderate restaurant, and home cooking. Maps are analyzed for differences between these categories. Finally, a narrative analysis discusses the role of migrants' cultural eating habits in San Francisco and its connection to transnational commodity networks. The research offers commentary on the role of food as a cultural marker for Peruvian transnationals and on the relations of power within the commodity network. This research unites economy and culture at the local and global scales while showing how “things” are imbued with cultural meaning during the processes of production to consumption on a transnational network.

This research was undertaken to provide a quantitative assessment of the impact of a Canada/U.S. free trade agreement on six B.C. food and beverage processing industries. The objective was achieved by building a partial equilibrium model simulating changes in trade policy. The six industries were modelled as oligopolists in which the degree of oligopolistic behaviour and the industries' characteristics were captured through specified parameters. Following the abolition of trade barriers the model allowed the industries to rationalize, where necessary, and the highest-cost firms in an industry left for the benefit of lower-cost ones. The final effect is measured for each industry through changes in output, employment, trade volume and prices. As different policy scenarios have been simulated for each industry, the results obtained are quite diverse but they generally follow the a priori expectations. In open industries such as meat, fruit and vegetable and flour mixes, results, however differents for each scenario, tend to leave the industries in a better off or no worse off situation. For heavily protected industries like dairy and poultry, very sensitive to the elimination or not of the quota system, the range of possible results between the scenarios is pronounced. It was concluded that the final effect of the abolition of trade barriers on each industry cannot be assessed specifically but in rather general terms. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate

Trade Facilitation Indicators have become important mechanisms of monitoring the ease of trade. Another issue of rising concern is the pervasive debate on genetically engineered organisms and the development of Genetically Engineered Restrictive Index to evaluate its implications on trade. With regards to these, the objective of the United States Trade Representative is to eliminate implicit trade barriers. Hence, this study examines the impact of TFIs on U.S. agricultural export and its efficiency. From the results, a 1% increase in destination’s Genetically Engineered Restrictive Index leads to a US$ 9,426.82 and US$ 74,268.04 decline in corn and soybean exports while wheat experiences a US$ 26,204.05 increase. The ‘I-State’ paradox was also revealed from the efficiency rankings. This research recommends that GE labelling policies should be synchronized to match the requirements of the destination countries. Furthermore, information on GE foods must be transparent and disseminated to change destinations’ negative perception.