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The purpose of this study was to determine if students change their responses to selected interpretations of American history after participating in a course in American history. The analysis of the responses was based upon interpretations in a measuring device titled, "Student Responses to Selected Interpretations of American History." This measuring device was created for this study by the researcher.The research was planned to answer the question, "Do students change their responses to selected interpretations of American history at a statistically significant level after participating in a course in American history?"The investigator collected responses to the pre-test and post-test administration of the measuring device from six hundred and fourteen eleventh grade students. An additional eighty-seven responses from sophomores were collected for purposes of comparison with the juniors. The subjects were students from two senior high schools in Indiana. The subjects represented a heterogeneity of socio-economic status, race and achievement levels. The six hundred and fourteen juniors participated in a course in Americanhistory. The eighty-seven sophomores were enrolled in a course in world history at those two schools.Statistical processing of the data consisted of determining the significance of the proportion of changed responses to the measuring device. Coefficients of correlations of proportional change were computed on the basis of sex, intelligence test scores, and grade point averages. An analysis of the difference in proportion of change between sophomores and juniors was also computed. Analysis of the data led to the following findings:Students who had participated in the course in American history at the eleventh grade level changed their responses at a statistically significant level for forty-three of the interpretations.There was no correlation between sex and the proportion of change for forty-three of the interpretations.There was no correlation between intelligence test scores and the proportion of change for forty-three of the interpretations.There was no correlation between grade point average and proportion of change for thirty-eight of the interpretations. For two of the interpretations students with higher grade point averages were more likely to change their responses and for five of the interpretations students with higher grade point averages were less likely to change their responses than were students with a lower grade point average.Students who had participated in the course in American history were more likely to change their responses to ten of the interpretations than were students who had not participated in the course in American history. There was no statistically significant difference between these two groups' proportion of change for thirty-five of the interpretations.The following conclusions have been drawn from the findings:1. Students who had participated in the course in American history at the eleventh grade level changed their responses at a statistically significant level for forty-three of the interpretations.2. There was no significant correlation between sex and the proportion of change for forty-three of the interpretations.3. There was no significant correlation between intelligence test scores and the proportion of change for forty-three of the interpretations.4. There was no significant correlation between grade point average and the proportion of change for thirty-eight of the interpretations. For two of the interpretations, students with higher grade point averages were more likely to change their responses and for five of the interpretations students with higher grade point averages were less likely to changetheir responses than were students with lower grade point averages.5. There was no statistically significant difference between the proportion of change for juniors and sophomores for thirty five of the interpretations. Students who had participated in the course in American history were more likely to change their responses to ten of the interpretations than were students who had not participated in the course in American history.

Since the late 19th century, scientists and clinicians have generated an astonishing array of meters, scales, experimental designs, and questionnaires to quantify pain with more precision, accuracy, and objectivity. In this thesis, I follow the development and implementation of pain-measuring technologies in the United States until the mid-1970s. Focussing on how these technologies work, I analyse the relationship between practices of objectification; the social, material and technical resources on which these practices depend; and changing conceptions of pain, subjectivity and objectivity. / Surprisingly, as efforts to objectify pain were intensified, pain was increasingly conceptualised as a subjective experience, that is, as a phenomenon inextricably tied to the unique emotional, psychological, and social condition of the experiencing self. I argue that this transformation was not solely due to the development of new theoretical models of pain, but also, importantly, enabled by the implementation of new technologies that could measure pain as an individual and psychological phenomenon. I also argue that the successful implementation of these technologies depended on the availability of specific social, material, and technical resources, and examine the social settings in which these resources were made available. / The main motivation for the direct investment of new resources towards pain-measuring technologies was a desire to make analgesic drug testing more objective. Beginning in the late 1930s, professional, industrial and public health interests in drug addiction, opiate pharmacology, new drug development and therapeutic testing converged on the goal of better pain-measurement. By the 1950s, the organisation and funding of analgesic testing made it possible to implement and validate the analgesic clinical trial, a technology that determined analgesic efficacy by measuring collective pain and its relief. The validity of the clinical was based on procedural and statistical control of data collection and analysis, rather than on the standardisation of individual experiences and evaluations of pain. It became possible to think of pain relief as an inevitably idiosyncratic experience, open to multiple sources of psychological variation, and yet still measure it consistently and objectively on a collective level. / Keywords. pain; measurement; objectivity; subjectivity, clinical trials; analgesics: psychophysics; psychosomatics; history of medicine; history of science.

viii, 96 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / This thesis argues that women were instrumental in creating the period of transformation that took place in American obstetrics and gynecology during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Historians have emphasized the ways that male physicians victimized female patients, but in the academic, professional, and public worlds, women directly influenced these specialties. As intellectuals and educators, women challenged existing ideas about their presence in academia and shaped evolving medical school curricula. As specialists, they debated the ethics of operative gynecology and participated in the medical construction of the female body. Finally, as activists, they demanded that obstetricians and gynecologists adopt treatments they believed were desirable. In doing so, they took part in larger debates about gender difference, gender equality, and the relationship between women's physical bodies and social roles. / Committee in Charge: Dr. Ellen Herman, Chair; Dr. James Mohr; Dr. Peggy Pascoe

This thesis examines the significant gun control legislation enacted in the United States, and the movement to enact it. It is a contention of this thesis that sentiment favoring gun control comes essentially from urban areas which are most remote from America’s frontier heritage, and the common usage of firearms. Sentiment opposing gun control, on the other hand, comes primarily from the West and South which are the areas nearest the frontier heritage. The popularity of firearms in the United States is also due, in large measure, to the pioneer background of this nation. This thesis also contends that firearms legislation thus far enacted in America has been ineffective in reducing crime, and that further legislation could only inconvenience the honest citizen.

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Review of: People of the Upper Cumberland: Achievements and Contradictions. Edited by Michael E. Birdwell and W. Calvin Dickinson. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2015. 434 pp., $54.95, hardback, ISBN 978-1-62190-109-9. Abstract: In Smith's case, his essay is largely indebted to and overshadowed by Brian D. McKnight's Confederate Outlaw (2011).Mary Evins offers a well-researched look at the political career of her father, Joe L. Evins, but her conclusions share the limitations of the volume as a whole: an antiquarian quality that suggests the value of the topics lay exclusively in their historical nature while offering limited development of larger historical significance. [...] the volume's lack of a clear organizing argument limits its ability to address larger questions in Appalachian, southern, or American history.

This work is a sociological analysis of factors that led to the political success of old-age insurance in the United States from 1935-1985. Archival documents, the Congressional Record, House Ways and Means and Senate Finance Committee Hearings, and secondary sources were used to piece together the social and political history of the program. The historical record was assessed in light of the pluralist, neo-Marxist and neo-Weberian theoretical frameworks typically utilized to study political change. Two key arguments are put forth. First, analyses that focus on the long-term process of social and political change are required to distinguish between the unique and the general. Other works that focus on isolated time periods cannot make these distinctions. It is also through longitudinal analysis that causality can be determined. Insights gained from a broader time-frame relate to specification of economic, political, and demographic shifts that shape the political agenda. Second, meso-level specification of organizational actors is necessary to assess the logic behind these actors' shifting positions. Organizational theory carries the analysis further than do previous theoretical perspectives, primarily because it specifies which political actors, either inside or outside the polity, attempt to influence their environment. It is through an organizational theory framework that we can determine effective strategies for instituting social change. Finally, using organizational theory and extrapolating from past events, some predictions for the future of Social Security are suggested.

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