Inaug.-Diss.--Philipps-Universität Marburg/Lahn. / Bibliography: p. 346-374.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1967. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1962. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin, 1972. / Reproduction of typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 187-195).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1972. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Em 1.º de junho de 1953, a administração do presidente norte-americano Dwight D. Eisenhower fundou a United States Information Agency (USIA), reunindo sob a coordenação da nova agência os programas de informação dos Estados Unidos da América (EUA) no exterior. O intuito era o de aproximar as audiências internacionais dos valores do sistema democrático e de livre empresa encenado pelo país, granjeando governos às posições norte-americanas na Guerra Fria. A atuação da agência se deu no âmbito das disputas entre os governos dos Estados Unidos e da União das Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas (URSS) em programas de propaganda cultural naquilo que a historiografia tem chamado de Guerra Fria Cultural (Cultural Cold War). Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo investigar a atuação da USIA no Brasil, entre os anos de 1953, data de fundação da agência, e 1964, quando as questões de que se ocupava foram reorientadas em função, no plano internacional, da Guerra no Vietnam e, no Brasil, do golpe civil-militar. Para tanto, analisamos o material da agência matérias, artigos, notícias, notas e fotografias veiculado nos jornais cariocas Correio da Manhã e Tribuna da Imprensa, duas das mais importantes publicações da mídia impressa brasileira do período. Verificamos que a agência passou, paulatinamente, a empregar atividades secretas, além das atividades não secretas, driblando as resistências que a opinião pública brasileira mostrava à presença oficial norte-americana no debate de questões políticas nacionais. Embora as estratégias utilizadas pela USIA fossem realizadas em nome das liberdades democráticas, a agência não vacilou em lançar mão de operações secretas para a consecução de seus objetivos políticos na Guerra Fria. / On June, 1st, 1953, U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhowers administration founded the United States Information Agency (USIA) for gathering U.S. information programs overseas under its umbrella. The aim of the new agency was to broadcast democratic system and free enterprise values portrayed by the country to international audiences in order to garner nations to U.S. positions during the Cold War. The Agency proceedings took place in the context of disputes between the heads of government of the United States of America (USA) and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in programs of cultural propaganda called the Cultural Cold War by historiography. The present study aimed at investigating USIAs performance in Brazil between the years 1953, founding date of the Agency, and 1964, when the Agencys previous issues were redesigned on account of Vietnam War, at an international level, and of the civil-military coup, in Brazil. Therefore, we analyzed the Agency material newspaper reports, articles, news, notes and photos released in Correio da Manhã and Tribuna da Imprensa newspapers, two of the most important publications of the Brazilian Press for the period edited in Rio de Janeiro. We found that the Agency has, gradually, carried out covert activities, besides the overt ones, dodging Brazilian public opinion resistance against official U.S. presence in the debate on national political issues. Although the strategies used by the USIA were held in the name of democratic freedoms, the Agency did not hesitate about resorting covert operations to achieve its political objectives in the Cold War.

Em 1.º de junho de 1953, a administração do presidente norte-americano Dwight D. Eisenhower fundou a United States Information Agency (USIA), reunindo sob a coordenação da nova agência os programas de informação dos Estados Unidos da América (EUA) no exterior. O intuito era o de aproximar as audiências internacionais dos valores do sistema democrático e de livre empresa encenado pelo país, granjeando governos às posições norte-americanas na Guerra Fria. A atuação da agência se deu no âmbito das disputas entre os governos dos Estados Unidos e da União das Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas (URSS) em programas de propaganda cultural naquilo que a historiografia tem chamado de Guerra Fria Cultural (Cultural Cold War). Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo investigar a atuação da USIA no Brasil, entre os anos de 1953, data de fundação da agência, e 1964, quando as questões de que se ocupava foram reorientadas em função, no plano internacional, da Guerra no Vietnam e, no Brasil, do golpe civil-militar. Para tanto, analisamos o material da agência matérias, artigos, notícias, notas e fotografias veiculado nos jornais cariocas Correio da Manhã e Tribuna da Imprensa, duas das mais importantes publicações da mídia impressa brasileira do período. Verificamos que a agência passou, paulatinamente, a empregar atividades secretas, além das atividades não secretas, driblando as resistências que a opinião pública brasileira mostrava à presença oficial norte-americana no debate de questões políticas nacionais. Embora as estratégias utilizadas pela USIA fossem realizadas em nome das liberdades democráticas, a agência não vacilou em lançar mão de operações secretas para a consecução de seus objetivos políticos na Guerra Fria. / On June, 1st, 1953, U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhowers administration founded the United States Information Agency (USIA) for gathering U.S. information programs overseas under its umbrella. The aim of the new agency was to broadcast democratic system and free enterprise values portrayed by the country to international audiences in order to garner nations to U.S. positions during the Cold War. The Agency proceedings took place in the context of disputes between the heads of government of the United States of America (USA) and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in programs of cultural propaganda called the Cultural Cold War by historiography. The present study aimed at investigating USIAs performance in Brazil between the years 1953, founding date of the Agency, and 1964, when the Agencys previous issues were redesigned on account of Vietnam War, at an international level, and of the civil-military coup, in Brazil. Therefore, we analyzed the Agency material newspaper reports, articles, news, notes and photos released in Correio da Manhã and Tribuna da Imprensa newspapers, two of the most important publications of the Brazilian Press for the period edited in Rio de Janeiro. We found that the Agency has, gradually, carried out covert activities, besides the overt ones, dodging Brazilian public opinion resistance against official U.S. presence in the debate on national political issues. Although the strategies used by the USIA were held in the name of democratic freedoms, the Agency did not hesitate about resorting covert operations to achieve its political objectives in the Cold War.

As the world became at once more interconnected and more polarized during the twentieth century, the need for the major powers to effectively communicate their perspective to the rest of the world through propaganda grew stronger. However, although the United States was undeniably gaining prestige and influence by the late 1930s, the upstart global power struggled to implement a lasting and successful propaganda program. In the years immediately preceding the Second World War, when the United States was targeted by both Axis and Soviet propaganda, U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt proved reluctant to implement a peacetime state-sponsored propaganda program. Roosevelt’s successor Harry Truman, on the other hand, did not share this reluctance and throughout the first years of the Cold War sanctioned the establishment of several peacetime programs. However, because of Truman’s lack of understanding of and personal commitment to the use of propaganda, U.S. efforts in this field were uncoordinated, expensive, and largely ineffective. As a result, the highly centralized Soviet propaganda machine constantly tried to divide the United States and its allies and draw more countries into the communist camp. It was not until Dwight Eisenhower, arguably the first true psychological warrior to become president, took office in 1953 that U.S. Cold War propagandists began to match the efforts of their Soviet counterparts. Eisenhower used his organizational talents and military experiences with psychological warfare to restructure U.S. foreign information services into highly coordinated, cost-effective, and efficient Cold War weapons. With the establishment of the United States Information Agency in October 1953, the United States gained more control of its image abroad, casting both U.S. domestic and foreign policies in as favourable a light as possible while simultaneously condemning communists as disingenuous, autocratic imperialists. While U.S. officials struggled to implement effective psychological warfare programs, they were inevitably forced to confront difficult questions concerning the role of propaganda in a democratic society. Whereas a majority of Americans in the interwar period regarded propaganda as anathema, and a tool to which only fascists and communists resorted, by the time Eisenhower took office a growing number of officials had concluded that the stakes in the Cold War were simply too high to leave anything to chance. As a result, these officials argued, it was imperative that the U.S. government target not only international, but also domestic audiences with state-sponsored propaganda in order to ‘educate’ the public on U.S. Cold War objectives and the perils of communism. / Graduate

Diss.--Universität Stuttgart, 1990. / Contient de nombreuses citations, traduites en allemand. Bibliogr. p. 251-262.

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