A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fuIrtlment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHIAE in the Department of Criminal Justice at the UNIVERSITY OF ZULULAND, 1995. / Any tertiary campus is a place composed of unique people requiring atypical law enforcement in comparison to other communities. Conflict between commonweal interests and proprietary responsibility calls for an unbiased discretionary and non-repressive approach to policing (protection) in a calm atmosphere that is conducive to learning for a tranquil environment sought in academia. Law enforcement agencies, including university campus protective systems, share the broad and sometimes vague mandate to enforce the law and keep the peace and order among their respective communities. Although a few studies have been conducted into overseas campus protective systems, no similar research has previously been undertaken in Southern Africa. This scientific research is thus the first of its kind in Southern Africa. The objectives of this study are therefore primarily - • to address the short-coming in knowledge about campus law enforcement in Southern Africa. Consequently, this research is aimed to analyze and define the organization and administration of campus protection at selected Southern Africa universities; • to render a clear account of the role and functions. There of by campus law enforcement personnel by means of breaking down their daily duties and activities, and • to account for the nature and extent of campus crime during the year I January to 31 December 1992. The exploratory, descriptive and comparative research is positivistic in nature. On the other hand the analytical research method followed, explored and examined overseas and limited local literature available. The survey-procedure was followed for the purpose of data collection. Pre-structured and coded questionnaires were adopted as measuring-instrument in order to obtain information regarding aspects of diversity relating to organizational and functional campus protection. Ten arbitrary and selected Southern Africa universities were involved in the investigation. Conclusions and recommendations are vested in statistical information derived from these ten universities. The findings indicate that - • substantial and noteworthy progress has been made among campus protective systems in Southern Africa. New and improved facilities, modern equipment, beneficial budgets and reformed standard of personnel have afforded a position to the betterment of university campus protection. While some campus protective systems have enhanced the quality of their performance, many fail to efficaciously utilize these benefits in reaching their imminent objective; • the organizational and administrative functioning of university campus protection constantly show a typical para-military bureaucratic tendency cast in the same mould of the Max Weber's rationalism theory; • cooperation between higher-learning, campus student personnel and campus protection is a matter of course and augmenting the necessity for a particular framework of a cooperative disciplinary programme in order to prevent apprehensiveness of campus crime; • although no national or institutional obligation exists for reporting campus crime separately, the research indicates that the overwhelming preponderance of campus crime prevailing, is a contravention of university disciplinary regulations and criminal offenses against private and institutional property and persons (students and personnel). All aspects of campus jurisdiction must therefore be addressed by purposeful campus protective programmes.

Over the past several decades, the victimization of women on college campuses has not decreased despite an uptick in research and concern surrounding the topic. In this study, I analyzed the victimization prevention messages on the websites of 30 4-year PWIs and 30 4-year HBCUs in the Southeastern United States to investigate how they contextualized such messages. Drawing on a comparative thematic analysis of 132 documents from HBCUs and 138 documents from PWIs, I elaborate on four key themes, with several subthemes: gendered safety messages, rape culture education, racialized safety messages, and collective responsibility. I found that victimization prevention messaging was contextualized by community engagement at HBCUs, and both types of schools engage in victim-centered crime prevention. Additionally, PWIs used language on their webpages that encourages peer-to-peer racialized coveillance. This study contributes to the literature on victimization prevention on college campus, the college-prison nexus, and understandings of sexual assault prevention.