Stargazers (Uranoscopidae) have two specialized characters- large volume of bile and a small-size brain. To explain why stargazers need large volume of bile, two hypotheses were proposed: (1) a function of the bile of stargazers is acting as the sex pheromone, and (2) bile enhances calcium uptake efficiency. The brain volume was measured, and the volumes of each part of the brain were also measured. The elementary investigations indicate that the stargazers have larger bile volume ratio and smaller brain weight ratio than other fishes reported in the present studies. The bile volumes are no significant difference between the female stargazers and the male stargazers, the bile volumes showed no monthly difference. Besides, the number of olfactory epithelium and the neuron density of the telencephalon in stargazers were not more than other fishes, the function of sex pheromone of bile can not be confirmed. The cranium hardness, bone density, and calcium content in stargazers are significantly more than other fishes. Most fish uptake calcium by the gill and the intestine from seawater or food. However, stargazers often hide in the sand and wait for the prey for most of the time, less water flow through the gills are expected. Therefore stargazers possibly uptake calcium through the intestine. Efficiency of the bile to aid calcium uptake has to be examined by experiments. The paraffin histology has been taken in various parts of the brain. Crista cerebelli is the center for sensing mechanical vibration; the volume of stargazer¡¦s crista cerebelli is higher than other fishes. Stargazers have large saccular otolith compare to the whole brain. Studies on the lateral line and acoustic sense of stargazers are new research topics. Furthermore, decrease in brain size in stargazers is for the purpose of reducing the oxygen consumption, so as to hiding in the sand. Stargazers are one of the fisheries species on western Taiwan coast. However there are very few studies on the stargazers in Taiwan; we should understand more about them in order to protect and consume the stargazers in a better way.