Thesis (Psy.D.)--Wheaton College Graduate School, 2004. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 54-65).

Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.) - University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermarizburg, 2009. / Full text also available online. Scroll down for electronic link.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universitas Upsaliensis, 2003.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary, 2005. / Abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 118-122).

Thesis (D. Min.)--Westminster Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, 1987. / This is an electronic reproduction of TREN, #036-0044. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 423-432).

Thesis (Psy.D.)--Wheaton College Graduate School, Wheaton, IL, 2004. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 54-65).

Thesis (D. Min.)--Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary, 2005. / Abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 118-122).

Thesis (D. Min.)--Westminster Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, 1987. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 423-432).

Thesis (MTech (Construction Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2005 / Labour based technology (LBT) is a strategy popularised by intemationa I organisations such as International Labour Organisation (lLO), United Nations Development Progranune (UNDP) and Word Bank, to address poverty, unemployment and infrastructure provision especially in informal urban settlements. More emphasis has been placed on using the LBT approach in sub-Saharan countries where unprecedented urbanisation is taking place leading to the formation of informal settlements, high levels of unemployment as well as poverty. The LBT approach has been implemented in many developing countries including Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. However, there is little available evidence on the long-term impact of LBT on poverty alleviation and employment creation opportunities. This study examined whether the labour-based approach to delivering infrastructure in informal settlements had impacted poverty alleviation and created sustainable employment opportunities. The study had five main objectives namely (I) To explore the situation of infrastructure in Oar es salaam informal settlements; (2) To eXlmine LBT with respect to the nature and characteristics of the various forms used in practice to understand the advantages and disadvantages of each form; (3) To identify the nature of LBT approaches used to upgrade informal settlements; (4) To explore the extent to which LBT in infrastructure provision can contribute to creating employment and alleviating poverty; and (5) To examine the extent of private sector involvement and community participation in present LBT approach in the three settlements. Literature was reviewed on using LBT approach to deliver infrastructure in informal settlements and its impact on poverty alleviation and creation of sustainable employment opportunities. The residents within the Hanna Nassif, Mabatini and Tabata informal settlements in Oar es Salaam Tanzania, were interviewed who participated in infrastructure provision projects. Semi-structured interviews were held with the community based organisations (CBOs), and local government authorities in the respective settlements. The study suggests that the LBT approach to deliver infrastructure in informal settlements has the potential to create large-scale employment opportunities as well as alleviate poverty. However, the extent of the effectiveness of the LBT approach to create large-scale employment and alleviate poverty is dependant on several factors such as the type of the project; duration of the project; the level of the wages paid, and the measure of skills transferred

Since China's shift to market socialism, many marginalized by this process work as informal street vendors where they reappropriate public space in order to survive―a practice at odds with urban authorities' modernizing agenda. In relation to these competing logics concerning public space's use value versus its exchange value, this dissertation examines the practices, experiences, and agency of informal street vendors working in Sanjingwuwei, an ordinary, yet rapidly gentrifying, neighborhood of Nanchang, capital and largest city of southeastern China's Jiangxi Province. After describing the growth of an informal economy in modern China and providing a history of street vending, I describe the everyday practices of vendors and their reappropriation of public space in Nanchang and the Sanjingwuwei neighborhood. I then provide the socio-demographic details of Sanjingwuwei’s vendors and use their voices to demonstrate how city image protection, a burgeoning informal sector, and the globalization of urban space bring challenges to their already precarious work in the streets. The dissertation concludes by linking the practices and agency of Nanchang’s vendors into a theoretical discussion concerning the agency of informal street workers. Despite daily attempts by the local state to remove them, this study shows how Nanchang's street vendors, continue to actively engaging in alternative forms of urban space-making through reappropriating of public space. Therefore, this dissertation shows how vendors challenge the city as a system by downscaling, slowing down, decommodifying, and ultimately, deglobalizing urban space to neighborhood-level through their reappropriation of public space.