Across the globe, both developed and developing countries strive to continuously increase economic growth. Many strategies have been developed to guide these countries towards achieving growth and development in a sustainable manner. For many of these countries, cites have become the hubs with regards to the various socio-economic activities taking place within countries. This has in turn subjected cities to tremendous growth. The increased growth of cities has been characterized by radial expansion, wherein development spreads out from the city center to the fringes. The radial expansion of cities has not always been under control or properly managed by government or the private sector as well as the relevant role playing stakeholders. Many socio-economic and environmental challenges have been associated with the rapid urban development that spreads into urban fringes. This dissertation focuses on assessing the sustainability of urban fringes and their developments. It presents a conceptual framework that tackles multiple urban fringe challenges and their various causes as well as the possible solutions thereof. It also focuses on empirically assessing the sustainability of the Cato Ridge urban fringe development in eThekwini Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal Province. The study discovers that the challenges of urban fringe development are economic, social and environmental. It concludes with recommendations for addressing policies of urban fringe developments in order to ensure sustainability. / M.T.R.P. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 2013.

Le paysage constitue à la fois un cadre de vie pour les populations humaines et un support du cycle de vie des espèces animales. Les modifications du paysage induites par les dynamiques d’occupation du sol se répercutent sur ces deux dimensions, l’une esthétique et l’autre écologique. Ces logiques étant généralement étudiées dans des champs disciplinaires différents, peu de recherches ont porté sur la manière dont elles s’articulent selon les modifications des structures paysagères.Ce travail cherche donc à modéliser de manière rétrospective la coévolution spatiale des fonctions esthétique et écologique du paysage à partir de métriques spatiales basées sur des données d’occupation du sol. Il se focalise sur les changements intervenus dans les franges urbaines de deux agglomérations françaises (Besançon et Paris) durant les 30 dernières années.La démarche adoptée a d’abord visé à modéliser, à partir des données d’occupation du sol, (1)les préférences paysagères d’un ensemble d’individus et (2) la connectivité écologique pour un ensemble d’espèces animales. En mobilisant de manière complémentaire des analyses statistiques multivariées et des analyses spatiales, le cœur du travail a ensuite consisté à étudier comment ces deux fonctions ont évolué de manière convergente ou divergente au cours du temps. Les résultats donnent de nouveaux éléments de compréhension des relations entre esthétique et écologie du paysage et amènent à s’interroger sur l’intérêt de la modélisation spatiale pour une gestion du paysage conciliant la préservation du cadre de vie des habitants et la conservation de la biodiversité. / Landscape is both a backdrop to the lives of human populations and a medium for the life cycle of animal species. Landscape changes induced by land-use and land-cover dynamics affect both these dimensions, the one aesthetic, and the other ecological. Because these rationales areusually studied within different disciplines, little research has been done into how the two clashor combine as and when landscape structures change. This work seeks therefore to model the spatial co-evolution of the aesthetic and ecological functions of landscape retrospectively usingspatial metrics based on land-cover data. It focuses on changes in the urban fringes of two French cities (Paris and Besançon) over the last 30 years. The approach attempts first to use land-cover data to model (1) the landscape preferences of a set of individuals and (2) the ecological connectivity of a set of animal species. Drawing on both multivariate statistical analysis and spatial analysis, the core of this work consists in investigating how the two functions have evolved in convergent or divergent ways over time. The results provide fresh insight into the relationship between landscape aesthetics and landscape ecology and raise questions about the value of spatial modelling for a landscape management approach that endeavours to reconcile the preservation of residents’ living environments and the conservationof biodiversity.