abstract: This dissertation research examines neighborhood socio-spatial organization at Calixtlahuaca, a Postclassic (1100-1520 AD) urban center in highland Mesoamerica. Neighborhoods are small spatial units where residents interact at a face to face level in the process of daily activities. How were Calixtlahuaca's neighborhoods organized socio-spatially? Were they homogenous or did each neighborhood contain a mixture of different social and economic groups? Calixtlahuaca was a large Aztec-period city-state located in the frontier region between the Tarascan and Triple Alliance empires. As the capital of the Maltazinco polity, administrative, ritual, and economic activities were located here. Four languages, Matlazinca, Mazahua, Otomi, and Nahua, were spoken by the city's inhabitants. The combination of political geography and an unusual urban center provides an opportunity for examining complex neighborhood socio-spatial organization in a Mesoamerican setting. The evidence presented in this dissertation shows that Calixtlahuaca's neighborhoods were socially heterogeneous spaces were residents from multiple social groups and classes coexisted. This further suggests that the cross-cutting ties between neighborhood residents had more impact on influencing certain economic choices than close proximity in residential location. Market areas were the one way that the city was clearly divided spatially into two regions but consumer preferences within the confines of economic resources were similar in both regions. This research employs artifact collections recovered during the Calixtlahuaca Archaeological Project surface survey. The consumption practices of the residents of Calixtlahuaca are used to define membership into several social groups in order to determine the socio-spatial pattern of the city. Economic aspects of city life are examined through the identification of separate market areas that relate to neighborhood patterns. Excavation data was also examined as an alternate line of evidence for each case. The project contributes to the sparse literature on preindustrial urban neighborhoods. Research into social segregation or social clustering in modern cities is plentiful, but few studies examine the patterns of social clustering in the past. Most research in Mesoamerica focuses on the clustering of social class. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Anthropology 2015

Esta tese de doutorado tem como tema o estudo do urbanismo nas caracterizações que lhe foram dadas pelo movimento moderno e sua hipótese fundamental se refere à possibilidade de considerar como aquele movimento desenvolveu, indiretamente, um rapto do direito à cidade que passa a constituir uma categoria epistemológica na análise de planos urbanos desenvolvidos sob a sua inspiração. Para tanto e como estratégia metodológica de pesquisa foram utilizados planos urbanos modernos em confronto com a cidade enquanto realidade empírica e em processo constante de mudança. Concluiu-se que um dos fatores que podem levar muitos planos urbanos modernistas a se frustrarem está na condição com que eles conseguem (ainda que muitas vezes não perceptivelmente) raptar a cidade real existente. De modo que se propõe uma empiricização do plano no tempo e no espaço do vivido; portanto no cotidiano como signo potencial para se fazer e rever o plano urbano. Daí decorrem desdobramentos que o atual desenvolvimento dos meios tecnológicos podem oferecer para o plano urbano, visto que estes meios atuam como parte daquele cotidiano. / The subject-matter of this PhD thesis is the study of urbanism according to the characterizations it was given by the modern movement and its fundamental hypothesis refers to the possibility of considering the way in which this movement developed, indirectly, an abduction of the right to the city, which comes to constitute an epistemological category in the analysis of urban plans developed under the inspiration of this movement. In order to do this and as a methodological research strategy, we used modern urban plans confronting them with the city as an empiric reality and involved in a constant process of changes. We came to the conclusion that one of the factors that can lead many modernist urban plans to frustration resides in the condition through which they manage (even if it is not very often perceived) to abduct the real existing city. Therefore we propose an empiricization of the plan in the time and in the space of lived experience, hence, in daily life as a potential sign in order to make and revise the urban plan. As a result of this there are interpreting signs which the present development of technological means can offer to the urban plan, since these means act as a part of this daily life.

In the seventeenth- and early eighteenth centuries, fluits were the most common type of merchant ship used in Baltic trade. Originally a Dutch design, the majority of all goods transported between Sweden and the Republic was carried on board such vessels. Far from all voyages reached their destination. Down in the cold brackish water of the Baltic, the preservation conditions are optimal, and several of these unfortunate vessels remain nearly intact today. Although thousands of more or less identical fluits were built, surprisingly little is known about the arrangement of space on board, their sculptural embellishment and other aspects that formed the physical component of everyday life on and alongside these ships. Fluits were a fixture in early modern society, so numerous that they became almost invisible. The study of wrecks thus holds great potential for revealing vital components of early modern life. Inspired by phenomenological approaches in archaeology, this thesis aims to focus on the lived experience of fluits. It sets out to grasp for seemingly mundane everyday activities relating to these ships, from the physical arrangements for eating, sleeping and answering nature’s call, to their rearrangement for naval use, and ends with a consideration of the architectonical contribution of the fluit to the urban landscape.

No abstract available / Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Architecture / unrestricted

Le Maroc connaît une augmentation rapide de la population urbaine due à la croissance démographique, à l'exode rural et à plusieurs autres paramètres sociaux, économiques, etc. Cette urbanisation, qui introduit des phénomènes assez complexes, a généré une multitude de problèmes : transports, manque d'équipements sociaux, dégradation de l'environnement, gestion de l'espace urbain, etc. Les agences urbaines ont été créées pour maîtriser ce phénomène à travers l'établissement de documents d'urbanisme définissant les règles d'utilisation du sol et le contrôle des activités urbaines.L'agence urbaine traite quotidiennement une quantité importante de données géographiques. A cet effet, l'enjeu de la mise en place d'un Système d'Information Géographique est de taille. La présente étude consiste à dresser un constat de la gestion urbaine dans la ville de Mohammedia et à approfondir, tant sur les volets théorique que pratique, la mise en œuvre d'un SIG pour la gestion urbaine afin de gérer les équipements publics, les voiries et générer automatiquement des notes de renseignements au sein de l'agence urbaine. Comment restructurer les bases de données spatiales déjà existantes afin de lancer une application SIG pour rénover la gestion urbaine ?Les systèmes d'information géographique (SIG) se positionnent aujourd'hui comme un puissant outil d'aide à la décision, particulièrement pour ce qui concerne la gestion de l'espace. L'intégration de la dimension spatiale, grâce aux SIG, permet désormais de localiser l'information et d'organiser les données de façon plus conviviale / Morocco knows a rapid development of Urban Population due to population growth, rural exodus and several parameters (social, economic…). This urbanization involving complex phenomena has generated multitude of problems (notably the transportation problem, the lack of social equipments, the environment damage, the difficulty of Urban Management…). The Urban Agencies have been created to bring under control this phenomenon by establishing Urbanism Documents which define the land use laws, and by controlling the urban activities.The urban agency handles daily a large amount of geographical data. To this end, the issue of the establishment of a Geographic Information System is size. This study is to draw up a report on urban management in the city of Mohammedia and deepen both the theoretical aspects and practical implementation of a GIS for urban management to manage public facilities, roads and automatically generate notes intelligence within the urban agency. How to restructure databases already existing spatial data to launch a GIS application to renovate urban management?Geographic information systems (GIS) today positioned as a powerful tool for decision support, particularly with regard to the management of the space. The integration of the spatial dimension, using GIS, now can locate information and organize data in a more user-friendly.

ABSTRACT This is a concerted effort at understanding the contemporary utopian processes and systems of the formation and spatial narratives of the people it is designed for. Locality and nostalgia is the essence of the times we live in. There is currently a global refuge crisis which is defined and can be contained within each countries borders as well as external forces that disrupt the ‘contemporary utopia’s’ of the times. Man is conditioned from early life to be fascinated by the longing of a place to dwell. Safety and familiarity of place is an important state of where people choose to dwell. Dwelling is also a proponent of opportunity where local migrants and immigrants to the environment with limited resources such as South Africa. According to the UNHCR, it was determined that in 2015, South Africa received 62 159 asylum claims. A total of this, 2,499 were approved for refugee status while 58,141 were denied, suggesting that all the applications in the 2015 period were dealt with. However, 14,093 were appealed, and of these 12,361 remained open into 2016 (Africa Check, 2016). The conditions of these new city dwellers is threatened by a new spatial continuum of land restitution and/or transformation, very bureaucratic legal process, resource accessibility and inclusivity. There is an inherent lack of spaces of community building within the Pretoria CBD, with most space succumbing to decay, a sustained urban sprawl, monofunctional territories, and nucleated densities. New migrants into the city struggle to find formal and informal opportunities and resources for ‘urban survival-ism’. These conditions are ones that have ruinous affects on the cities utopian public spaces that mostly are stuck in the spatial utilitarianism of the time of production. The dissertation Real and Re-imagined Spaces as Contemporary Utopia’s looks to reevaluate the current conditions of the city that manufacture a hostile urban context and subsequently ‘agonistic’ people without spaces to commune. The urban condition is territorial, consumed by a fence fetish, entrapped by different spatial and architectural utopias and ruins. The presence of ruins is evidenced by a preoccupation with ‘Heritage’ architecture and landscapes. These leftover spaces and heritage provide 1 opportunities to have new layers of memory and legacy that is conscious to erasure, space-making, man and the environment, and the trappings of time. / UKUQALA Lena umzamo ohlanganyelwe ekuqondeni izinqubo zezinsuku zokuphila zangasese kanye nezinhlelo zokwakheka nezindatshana zendawo zabantu ezenzelwe. Indawo kanye ne-nostalgia yizona zinkinga zezikhathi esiphila kuzo. Njengamanje isiphephelo sezokuphepha emhlabeni jikelele esichazwe futhi singatholakala ngaphakathi kwamanye amazwe omngcele kanye namandla angaphandle aphazamisa ‘ubuholi besikhathi samanje’ ngezikhathi. Umuntu uphonywe kusukela ebusweni bokuqala ukuze athabe ukulangazelela indawo yokuhlala. Ukuphepha nokujwayela indawo kuyindawo ebalulekile lapho abantu bakhetha ukuhlala khona. Ukuhlala kubuye kube ngumgqugquzeli wamathuba lapho abafuduka khona kanye nabafuduki bezemvelo abanemithombo encane njengeNingizimu Afrika. Ngokwe-United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (okubizwa ngokuthi i-UNHCR kusuka lapha), kwaqunywa ukuthi ngo-2015, iNingizimu Afrika ithole izimangalo ezingu-62 159 zokukhoseliswa. Okubonke lokhu, abangu-2,499 bavunyelwe ukuba babe ngababaleki ngenkathi kuthiwa abangu-58 141 banqatshelwe, okuphakamisa ukuthi zonke izicelo ngonyaka wezi-2015 zibhekwa nazo. Kodwa-ke, abangu-14,093 babethweswa icala, futhi kulaba abangu-12 361 bahlala bevulekile ngo-2016 (i-Africa Check, 2016). Izimo zalaba bantu abahlala emadolobheni amasha zisongelwa ukuqhubeka kwendawo yokubuyisela umhlaba kanye / noma ukuguqulwa, inqubo yomthetho enobulungisa, ukutholakala kwemithombo kanye nokuhlanganiswa. Kukhona ukungabi nalutho kwezikhala zomsebenzi womphakathi ngaphakathi kwePitoli Central Business District (CBD kusuka lapha), iningi lendawo ehluleka ukubola, izindawo ezihlala emadolobheni, izindawo zokusebenza, kanye nezinkinga ezingasebenzi. Abafuduki abasha bangena emzabalazweni womuzi ukuthola amathuba asemthethweni namasosha ‘okusinda emadolobheni-ism’. Lezi zimo yizona ezithintekayo emadolobheni ezindaweni ezingekho emphakathini ezivame ukunamathela emphakathini wesikhathi sokukhiqiza. I-dissertation Real and Re-imagined Spaces njengobukeka be-Contemporary Utopia ukuhlola kabusha izimo zamanje zomuzi ezakha umongo wendawo edolobheni kanye nabantu abangenayo i-agonistic ngaphandle kwezikhala zokuxhumana. Isimo sasezindaweni zasemadolobheni siyindawo, sidliwa izinkinga zokubiya mawala, siboshwe yizindawo ezihlukahlukene kanye nezindawo zokuchitha izindawo. Ukutholakala kwamanxiwa kuboniswa ukukhathazeka ngezakhiwo ‘zeGugu’ nezindwangu. Lezi zikhala kanye namagugu asele ahlinzeka amathuba okuba nemigqa emisha yememori kanye nefa eliqaphela ukukhipha, ukwenza isikhala, umuntu kanye nemvelo, kanye nokuhamba kwesikhathi. / Mini Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2018. / Architecture / MArch(Prof) / Unrestricted

In this dissertation, I investigate the organization of urban activities in Early Bronze Age cities of Northern Mesopotamia. I combine evidence from archaeological survey, magnetometric studies, and excavations to demonstrate that cities were broadly integrated in terms of function and use of space: inhabitants in outer cities, lower towns, and extramural areas all pursued a range of diverse activities. The organization of urban life in Northern Mesopotamia is best described as "distributed," a conclusion at odds with the prevailing belief that public institutions were concentrated in city centers and outer city areas were solely residential. I analyze new excavations and surveys from two major cities--Tell Mozan and Tell Chuera--and compare those remains with information from other excavated cities across third-millennium BCE Northern Mesopotamia. I identify nine individual components of urbanism within third-millennium cities: city walls, water resources, roads and streets, agricultural and pastoral land, houses, workshops, temples and shrines, burials, and administrative buildings. The spatial distribution suggests regular correlations between certain components, particularly houses/workshops, houses/burials, city walls/administrative buildings, and extramural workshops/roads. This overall pattern reveals multifunctional neighborhoods with a range of ceremonial, domestic, and production-related activities situated within the stable boundaries of city walls, water courses, and major roads. Single-function areas often occur alongside other activity or mixed-use areas. I found the distribution of activities to be similar across cities, despite variations in overall layout and size. Widespread co-occurrence, especially of houses and workshops, indicates a kind of "dual economy" of elite and non-elite production, with lower-class inhabitants producing their own lithics, ceramics, and agricultural/pastoral products. Furthermore, although large temples and palaces are located in city centers, the existence of smaller shrines and non-domestic buildings in lower towns indicates that religious and administrative functions also occurred beyond the city center. The surveys and excavations illuminate two important patterns: first, that administrative, productive, and religious activities took place throughout the city; and second, that social rank did not preclude the pursuit of a range of activities. The stability afforded by this broadly integrated organization and heterarchical social organization may have been instrumental in a city's longevity.

The diploma thesis deals with the complex design of the sports-cultural building and its integration into the structure of the unique modernistic urbanism of the city of Zlín. It seeks to answer the question of to what extent culture and sport can work side by side.

No description available.

No description available.