Thesis (M.A.)--Ohio State University, 1980. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 48-49). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.

Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2009.

The Kaskaskia River is a large river system situated in central and southwestern Illinois serving as a tributary to the Mississippi River. Within the Lower Kaskaskia River Watershed (LKRW), an active urban-rural gradient currently exists in the Metro East area of St. Louis. Such areas of urbanization are particularly vulnerable to stream degradation. This study focuses on the effects of urbanization on water quality parameters within Silver and Richland Creeks, both of which are tributaries to the LKRW. Forty-three catchments within Silver and Richland Creeks were identified as study catchments. Stream water samples were collected within these catchments every two weeks in the dormant season and monthly in the growing season from January 2008 to August 2009. Stream storm samples were collected and stage was recorded within 4 intensively sampled catchments, which were representative of urban, village and agriculture watersheds. Stream samples were measured and analyzed for total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, pH, specific conductance, total coliform, bacteria coliforms (as total coliform, fecal coliform (FC), and Escherichia coli (EC)), nutrients (orthophosphate, ammonium-N, nitrate-N, chloride, sulfate), and caffeine. GIS was utilized to identify percent urban land cover (LC) at the whole catchment scale and percent impervious surfaces (IS) at the riparian buffer scale. Whole catchment urban land cover (WCULC) was used to designate land cover categories of urban, village, and agriculture watersheds (>10.5%, >1% to 10.5%, and 0% to 1% WCULC, respectively). IS were identified at the riparian scale through manual digitization and classification of structures (i.e. buildings, houses) and roads (i.e. highways, streets) within 10, 30, and 50 m buffer widths. Correlations of water quality variables to percent whole catchment urban LC were comparable to that of riparian-scale IS (RIS). Whole storm Event Mean Concentrations (EMCs) for nitrate-N, orthophosphate, and sulfate were generally significantly lower in urban watersheds compared to village and agriculture watersheds. Stream water levels of EC, FC, and orthophosphate were relatively high. Levels of FC at both baseflow and stormflow and EC at stormflow far exceeded US EPA and IL EPA Review criteria, respectively. During baseflow, stream orthophosphate and nitrate concentrations within urban watersheds were significantly higher than in village and agricultural watersheds. The significant nutrient and bacteria levels in urban streams may be due to inputs via stormwater runoff, wastewater treatment effluent, and home septic systems. Although hydrometric data showed no significant differences among the intensively sampled catchments, the village watershed had much higher mean and larger maximum stream discharge compared to the urban and agriculture watersheds. Caffeine concentration in streams was not a useful indicator of anthropogenic impacts within the LKRW study area. Results from this study demonstrate that watershed managers can utilize WCULC since it is comparable to RIS. In addition, results further illustrate the need for urban best management practices to reduce water quality impacts, such as storm water management, improved wastewater treatment, and maintaining or developing vegetated riparian buffers.

Orientador: Roberto Luiz do Carmo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T20:17:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Manetta_Alex_M.pdf: 1064791 bytes, checksum: 6c712299bf05605bebb0258c2e43a0fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: No atual estágio das relações homem/meio a percepção da chamada crise ambiental tem sido reconhecida como um processo global. A demografia, como ciência dos estudos da população, tem contribuído nesse debate ao desenvolver temas que abordam os rumos do equilíbrio entre o consumo e a qualidade ambiental para uma população mundial cada vez mais concentrada em áreas urbanas. Esse é um conhecimento ainda pouco consolidado e que demanda maiores investimentos, tanto no embasamento teórico como nos estudos de caso. No Pantanal, mais especificamente na região fronteiriça de Corumbá, revelou-se uma situação onde uma população pouco volumosa e altamente urbanizada reflete dinâmicas de mobilidade populacional e de crescentes inserções territoriais nas relações capitalistas internacionais. Essa dinâmica regional tem como conseqüência alterações em áreas com importantes atributos ecológicos, onde a concentração das populações em núcleos urbanos apresenta possibilidades de usos sustentáveis do território / Abstract: In the current stage of man/environment relationship the environmental crisis perception is being sense as a global process. Demography, as a population dynamic's science, is being to contribute in this argument that embraces the equilibrium between consumption and the environmental quality for an increasing world's urban population. This knowledge is still little consolidated and requires larges investments in the theoretical bases and studies of case. In the Pantanal, more specifically in the Corumbá's frontier region, a site with a small and urban population reflects the mobility processes and the increasing territorial insertion in the international capitalism. This regional dynamics has consequence in important natural areas, where the urban population dense embraces possibilities of good uses for the environmental quality / Mestrado / Demografia e Ciencias Sociais Aplicadas / Mestre em Demografia

Orientador: Rosana Aparecida Baeninger / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T09:28:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alves_PedroAssumpcao_M.pdf: 2788213 bytes, checksum: 0b059e78c3133db88588c3851d23f33e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Este trabalho procura explorar a interface entre deslocamentos populacionais e desenvolvimento regional e urbano. Nesse sentido, procura-se compreender a dinâmica das trocas migratórias no estado de Santa Catarina (no período de 1950 a 2000), a partir da evolução e adensamento da Rede Urbana deste estado. Este trabalho foi construído levando em consideração as evoluções na captação de dados sobre deslocamentos populacionais no período analisado. Dessa forma, devido à grande heterogeneidade das diferentes mesorregiões que compõem o território catarinense, pode-se dizer que as análises se adensaram a partir dos dados do Censo Demográfico de 1980. No que se refere aos dados dos Censos Demográficos de 1950, 1960 e 1970, pode-se afirmar que as principais áreas de atração migratória do estado catarinense eram as regiões de fronteira agrícola, ocupadas, preponderantemente por contingentes populacionais provenientes do Rio Grande do Sul. A partir do Censo Demográfico de 1980 as migrações internas de Santa Catarina passam a se constituir no principal mecanismo de realocação espacial da população neste estado. Questões relacionadas ao processo de reprodução social das populações rurais de Santa Catarina mudam as principais áreas de atração populacional, dentro de um contexto onde as mesorregiões litorâneas passam a concentrar uma parcela cada vez maior da população estadual. Este trabalho procura lançar luz sobre os principais determinantes deste processo migratório. Em um segundo momento o foco analítico se volta para questionamentos sobre como as migrações podem se compor em importante elemento para a constituição e adensamento de uma dinâmica econômica integrada dentro do conjunto de municípios da Região Metropolitana de Florianópolis. Tais deslocamentos populacionais (em seus diferentes níveis) refletem a divisão social do trabalho existente neste circuito da rede urbana de Santa Catarina, conjugando para consolidação e expansão de desigualdades socioeconômicas entre as populações dos municípios desta Região Metropolitana. Com esse objetivo são analisados os perfis socioeconômicos das populações de cada um dos municípios que formam esta aglomeração urbana, comparando aquelas classificadas como migrantes com os de populações classificadas como não migrantes. Também foi avaliado o perfil socioeconômico das populações que declararam realizar movimentos pendulares dentro desta área / Abstract: This work explores the relation between economic development and migration fluxes in the State of Santa Catarina, in the South of Brazil. The focus is in the period between the IBGE Demographic Census of 1950 and the Census of the year 2000. Based on regional and urban development theories it is presented a interpretation of the economic determinants of migration in this particular State of Brazil. Santa Catarina have 8 different regions, and the most of them present a high leveI of industrial specialization. This fact result in a mosaic of regions each one comanded by a city that plays the role of regional center. In this sense, each region presented a different timing of industrial and urban development what cause different kinds of migrantion fluxes. The last chapter changes the scale of the work and turns attention to the .metropolization process of the cities near the state's capital, Florianópolis. The objective of this focalization is to investigate how migration is an important piece in the engine that determines the distribution of the poverty between the cities of this metropolitan area / Mestrado / Mestre em Demografia

Orientador: Adriana Maria Bernardes da Silva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T17:25:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sombini_EduardoAugustoWellendorf_M.pdf: 6133305 bytes, checksum: 2637c5124cbec71379dc9af63c3a2ad5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Entre as diversas faces assumidas pela urbanização contemporânea, os processos de refuncionalização e revalorização de centros urbanos têm desempenhado papel de destaque nas estratégias públicas e privadas de reorganização territorial das cidades em todo o mundo. Anteriormente restrito a algumas metrópoles do capitalismo avançado, a partir da década de 1990 esse processo se difundiu globalmente e atingiu com as mediações das formações socioespaciais e dos lugares, várias metrópoles dos países periféricos. Após longos períodos de desvalorização imobiliária e migração de parte das atividades do circuito superior da economia urbana, os centros históricos têm sido tomados por intervenções que buscam mobilizar os atributos materiais e simbólicos desses subespaços como instrumento de uma política urbana voltada para a atração de investimentos, consumidores e turistas e de criação de imagens hegemônicas das cidades. Muitas cidades brasileiras, seguindo a tão difundida experiência internacional, tem apostado na afirmação dos usos culturais e na atração de atividades informacionais como os catalisadores ideais para as transformações urbanas pretendidas para as áreas centrais. Desde a década de 1990, essas concepções têm sido os principais suportes do projeto de revalorização do centro paulistano e vem aglutinando tanto as políticas do planejamento territorial estatal como as estratégias de diversos agentes econômicos, aprofundando a urbanização corporativa da metrópole paulistana. Neste trabalho, propomos analisar as variáveis explicativas da revalorização contemporânea do centro de São Paulo (2005-2012), considerando os agentes sociais envolvidos, as concepções que orientam as ações, os instrumentos técnicos e políticos mobilizados e as disputas pelo uso do território do centro paulistano, com o intuito de contribuir para estruturar uma reflexão sobre os nexos que constroem o atual projeto hegemônico de reorganização do território da área central da metrópole / Abstract: Among the many facets assumed by contemporary urbanization, the processes of refunctionalisation and revalorization of urban centers have played a prominent role in public and private strategies of territorial reorganization across the world. Previously restricted to a few cities of advanced capitalism, from the 1990s this process has spread globally and reached, with the mediations of socio-spatial formations and places, various cities of the peripheral countries. After long periods of housing devalorization and migration of part of the activities of the upper circuit of the urban economy, the historical centers have been focus of interventions that seek to mobilize the material and symbolic attributes of these subspaces as an instrument of urban policy toward the investment attraction, consumers and tourists and the creation of hegemonic cities image. Many Brazilian cities, following widespread international experience, has focused on the assertion of cultural uses and attracting informational activities as ideal catalysts for urban transformations intended to central areas. Since the 1990s, these views have been the major supporters of the project of revalorization of downtown São Paulo and since then has been joined both the state land planning policies and strategies from various economic agents, deepening the corporate urbanization of the metropolis. In this work, we propose to analyze the explanatory variables of the contemporary revalorization of the center of Sao Paulo (2005-2012), considering the social agents involved, the concepts that guide the actions, the technical and political instruments mobilized and the struggles over the use of the territory of the center of São Paulo, in order to help structure a reflection on the connections that build the current hegemonic project of reorganization of the territory of the central area of the metropolis / Mestrado / Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial / Mestre em Geografia

Bangkok’s expansion and population increase are both causes and consequences of rapid economic transformation and growth. In this light, the study examines the synergic conditions that are operating in the Bangkok region, that define the relationship between economic growth and spatial expansion. What is emerging is a chaotic tapestry of an urban and rural landscape which reflects a bonanza form of development and has accelerated in the last ten years. Moreover, there is evidence supporting an urban form that is emerging at Bangkok’s edge, extending up to 100 kilometres from the central city, which is neither city nor countryside. It is a settlement system characterised by an intense land use mix, where agriculture, industry, housing, and recreation all inflect upon each other. Within this region there has been a shift of labour from farm to off-farm sectors within the strictly defined rural areas. The dissertation argues for a new set of definitions to account for an extended urban settlement pattern which is sensitive to the prevailing heterogeneous space economy. The term Region Based Urbanization (RBU) is introduced to describe the phenomena in a region with 14 million people, now known as the Extended Bangkok Metropolitan Region (EBMR). Aside from affirming RBU as the predominant settlement form in the EBMR, there are three notable conclusions to this study: (i) Since the mid-nineteenth century diverse and disparate forms of dominant capital have contributed to outer city development. (ii) As the region diversifies, and further affirms its economic primacy within Thailand there is indication of increasing disparities and uneven development among socio-economic classes. (iii) There is empirical support to challenge traditional rural-urban transition models. Outer areas of the EBMR, which are defined as ‘rural’, are not only ‘holding’ population, but are the destination of a large migration from peripheral regions of the Kingdom. / Arts, Faculty of / Geography, Department of / Graduate

Human encroachment on ecosystems is one of the key environmental stressors facing natural habitats. Understanding how individual species are affected by these disturbances is therefore fundamental to preserving the stability of vital ecosystem services, such as pollination. Roughly 87.5% of plants are animal pollinated, with pollination contributing over $175 billion to the global economy each year. Despite its ecological and economic importance, studies that have comprehensively evaluated how multiple components of pollination success are impacted by human disturbances are limited. Here we evaluate how different aspects of pollination success, including patterns of pollinator visitation, pollen removal (male fitness), and deposition, fruit and seed production (female fitness) vary across an urbanization gradient in populations of Asclepias syriaca (Common Milkweed). Preliminary data was collected on four naturally occurring Asclepias syriaca sites (Watauga Lake, Warrior’s Path, Lake Ridge, Jacob’s Nature Park) in Northeast Tennessee. Urbanization around each site was quantified using ArcGIS and the National Land Cover Database. Sites were visited every other day (5-12 visits per population) during the flowering season and data was collected on male reproductive success (proportion of pollinaria removed), female reproductive success (proportion of flowers receiving pollinaria), pollinator visitation rate and composition, fruit production, and seed set. Preliminary data on four Asclepias syriaca populations shows large among-site variation in male and female reproductive success, pollinator visitation rate, pollinator community composition, fruit abundance, and seed set. Specifically, the quantity and quality of pollen received varies between all four sites. Pollen quality was highest at Lake Ridge (mean 2.57 fruits per plant and 278 seeds per fruit), and lowest at Warrior’s Path (mean 1.54 fruits and 199 seeds), the most agricultural site. Male success was highest at Warrior’s Path (0.492) and lowest at Watauga Lake (0.308). Female success was approximately equal between three of the sites (between 0.208 and 0.179), but lower at Jacob’s Nature Park (0.072). There was significant among-site variation in pollinator community, not only in terms of composition, but also visitation rate. Visitation rate was highest at Warrior’s Path and Lake Ridge (0.214 and 0.283, respectively), and lowest at Watauga Lake and Jacob’s Nature Park (0.126 and 0.123, respectively). Interestingly, Jacob’s Nature Park and Watauga Lake represent the most and least developed sites, respectively, though the Watauga Lake population was adjacent to a major road. Among-site variation in pollination success is likely due to variation in pollinator community across the sites.

This research proposes to examine the process of urbanization in Guyana, South America. In particular, the objectives of this research are threefold. The first is to identify, describe, and evaluate some of the historic and current causes of urban growth and urbanization which have taken place in a peripheral capitalist state that was under the plantation mode and that illustrates a legacy of "uneven development." The second objective is to attempt to assess planning responses, through attempts by the state to formulate policies to deal more effectively with urbanization. And the third objective is to contribute to a dialogue between planning practitioners and dependency/world-system theorists. Although any urbanization process has a variety of endogenous and exogenous variables, the major premise of this study is that the world system affects the political economy of the state and hence its pattern of urban development. That is, urbanization in Guyana can be largely attributed to its colonial legacy after a prolonged period of Dutch, French, and British tutelage, and to the general influence of metropolitan economic dictates. In surveying the components shaping urbanization, the study discerns outcomes which essentially confirm the expectations of dependency/world-system theory. Following its incorporation into the modern world system, Guyana has reproduced many of the patterns of development that are expected of a dependent peripheral economy. Core power hegemony led to the stimulation and growth of the port town of Georgetown and the secondary port of New Amsterdam. Georgetown, the capital, in particular was used not only to evacuate economic surplus, but also to provide a market for core-manufactured goods. Whilst dependency/world-system theory allows one to demonstrate how surplus value was extracted from Guyana via the circulation of primary commodities, it failed to adequately address the manner in which labor was utilized and reproduced. Urbanization in Guyana is contingent not only upon the class struggle, but also ethnic/racial conflict. Throughout the study, the historical evidence has supported the notion that race has been a dominant factor in the internal political economy. Racial considerations have been most important in determining legislation, the allocation of economic surplus, planning, and development policies which have impacted urbanization. Guyana today appears to conform to the postulates of dependent urbanization. Among the observed characteristics of the urban structure are urban primacy, unemployment and underemployment, a burgeoning informal sector, intra-urban inequality, shanty towns and squatter settlements, and retardation in rural areas. These dependent urbanization features have also been accompanied by a number of conditions that appear to be common to all countries which have experienced dependent development. Within the economic structure, there is an overwhelming primary export orientation with product elaboration in the core, low rates of GNP and per capita incomes, a stunted manufacturing sector, a lack of diversification, low-productivity and low-wage labor, excessive dependence, a deepening divergence between what is consumed and what is produced, and the absence of an internal dynamic and coherence within the political and social structure, the study has noted perceived racial and ethnic divisions, a high degree of social segmentation, residential separation along racial lines, profound inequalities, instability, bureaucratism, and authoritarian tendencies. Finally, this study of the Guyana experience demonstrates that dependency/world-system theory can be a powerful heuristic tool in organizing, understanding, and explaining the nature of the urbanization process in a peripheral capitalist state. The research further suggests that when the theory is supplemented with a realist perspective that places a premium on internal dynamics, the dialectical relationship between external and internal forces will ensure a more complete analysis of urbanization in peripheral social formations.

No description available.