Leung Yee Fong, Vivian. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 159-169). / Acknowledgments --- p.i / Legend for figures --- p.ii / Legend for tables --- p.v / List of abbreviations --- p.vii / Abstract --- p.viii / Chapter Ch 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Embryology --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Embryology of amniotic cavity --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Embryology of kidney and bladder --- p.3 / Chapter Ch 2 --- Background: What is already known about amniotic fluid volume? --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1 --- Normal physiology --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- The origin of amniotic fluid: Where does it come from? --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Where does the amniotic fluid go? How reabsorbed? --- p.14 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- How is amniotic fluid volume controlled? --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2 --- Abnormal physiology --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Too much liquor: polyhydramnios --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Too little liquor: oligohydramnios --- p.28 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Diseases and gender differences that may be related to parity and amniotic fluid volume --- p.30 / Chapter 2.3 --- Techniques of measuring amniotic fluid volume --- p.32 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- History --- p.32 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Current most popular technique: amniotic fluid index --- p.38 / Chapter 2.4 --- Summary of what is known and not yet known about amniotic fluid volume --- p.48 / Chapter Ch 3 --- Aims of this study --- p.49 / Chapter Ch4 --- Method --- p.50 / Chapter 4.1 --- Equipment --- p.50 / Chapter 4.2 --- Subject selection criteria --- p.50 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Criteria --- p.50 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Total number of subjects studied --- p.51 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Total number of subjects selected fulfilling all criteria --- p.51 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Subject preparation --- p.52 / Chapter 4.3 --- Technique --- p.53 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- "Standard measurement of BPD， AC, FL and EFW" --- p.53 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Standard measurement of Doppler --- p.54 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Amniotic fluid index --- p.55 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Bladder volume --- p.59 / Chapter 4.3.5 --- Fetal renal pelvis --- p.61 / Chapter 4.3.6 --- Intra-observer error techniques and calculation --- p.63 / Chapter 4.4 --- Techniques used in analysis --- p.65 / Chapter Ch5 --- Results --- p.67 / Chapter 5.1 --- Fetal parameters --- p.68 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Fetal biparietal diameter (BPD) --- p.68 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Fetal abdominal circumference (AC) --- p.69 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Fetal femur length (FL) --- p.70 / Chapter 5.1.4 --- Pulsatility index values of umbilical artery --- p.71 / Chapter 5.1.5 --- Birth weight (BW) --- p.74 / Chapter 5.1.6 --- Estimated fetal weight --- p.76 / Chapter 5.2 --- Amniotic fluid index --- p.79 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Amniotic fluid index-overall --- p.79 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Amniotic fluid index-male and female --- p.81 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- The ten segments of amniotic fluid index distribution --- p.83 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Amniotic fluid index relationship to estimated fetal weight --- p.86 / Chapter 5.2.5 --- Amniotic fluid index with gravidity and parity --- p.89 / Chapter 5.2.6 --- Amniotic fluid index with estimated fetal weight of different parity (best fit line) for both male and female --- p.93 / Chapter 5.3 --- Fetal urinary bladder volume (BV) --- p.96 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Bladder volume-overall --- p.96 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Bladder volume-male and female --- p.97 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Bladder volume with estimated fetal weight- overall --- p.100 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- Bladder volume with estimated fetal weight in both male and female --- p.101 / Chapter 5.3.5 --- Bladder volume with gravidity and parity --- p.103 / Chapter 5.3.6 --- Bladder volume with amniotic fluid index --- p.105 / Chapter 5.4 --- Anteroposterior diameter of the fetal renal pelvis --- p.106 / Chapter 5.5 --- Hydronephrosis index values --- p.107 / Chapter Ch 6 --- Discussion --- p.108 / Chapter 6.1 --- Review of the study --- p.108 / Chapter 6.2 --- Discussion on subject --- p.111 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Gestational age chosen --- p.111 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Subject preparation --- p.112 / Chapter 6.3 --- Discussion of method --- p.114 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Equipment --- p.114 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Technique --- p.117 / Chapter 6.4 --- Discussion on results --- p.128 / Chapter 6.4.1 --- Normality of population --- p.128 / Chapter 6.4.2 --- Low birth weight/ IUGR in Chinese and Caucasian --- p.129 / Chapter 6.4.3 --- Cut-off points to detect oligohydramnios and polyhydramnios --- p.132 / Chapter 6.4.4 --- Amniotic fluid index-relationship with fetal weight --- p.143 / Chapter 6.4.5 --- Amniotic fluid index-relationship to parity --- p.145 / Chapter 6.4.6 --- "Relationship between gender, estimated fetal weight and amniotic fluid index" --- p.147 / Chapter 6.4.7 --- Parity and cut-off points for oligohydramnios and polyhydramnios --- p.150 / Chapter 6.4.8 --- Relationship of amniotic fluid volume to urinary function --- p.152 / Chapter Ch 7 --- Conclusions --- p.157 / References --- p.159