Conclusion. Impairment in bladder and brain functions was identified in children with severe NE. Post-treatment studies indicated that brain function normalized in parallel with amelioration of bladder dysfunction. Interaction between brain and bladder dysfunction is likely to have an important implication in the pathophysiology and resolution of NE. / Objective. To (1) investigate sleep pattern and cortical arousals in enuretic children; (2) assess brain and bladder function in enuretic children; (3) evaluate post-treatment brain and bladder functional changes in enuretic children and correlate these with the treatment outcomes. / Part II. Fifty-two patients with severe PNE and 15 normal controls were recruited. Bladder and brain functions (sleep arousal threshold, P300 ERPs latency and PPI of startle amplitude) in enuretic children were evaluated, and brain function was compared with normal controls. / Part II. Markedly reduced nocturnal FBC and impaired brain function were found in enuretic patients. Higher sleep arousal threshold was negatively correlated to lower FBC. Prolonged P300 ERPs and higher PPI of startle amplitude were positively correlated to a higher sleep arousal threshold. / Part III. NE episodes and bladder function were re-evaluated in 52 severely enuretic children (Part II) at 3 and 6 months on treatment. Brain function was re-evaluated in 41/52 enuretic children at 6 months on treatment. / Part III. Post-treatment FBC significantly increased, and sleep arousal threshold, number of awakenings, P300 ERPs latency and PPI of startle amplitude normalized in treatment responders. NE episodes reduction was significantly correlated to the improvement in FBC and brain function. Greater decrease in sleep arousal threshold was positively correlated to higher FBC increase. Higher P300 ERPs latency and PPI of startle amplitude reduction were positively correlated to greater decrease in sleep arousal threshold. / Patients and methods. Part I. Thirty-five children with refractory PNE and 21 normal controls were recruited. Overactive bladder contractions, NE episodes and volume in enuretic children, sleep stages and cortical arousals in all children were recorded. / Results. Part I. Underlying bladder dysfunction, abnormal sleep architecture and increased cortical arousal index were found in enuretic children. Cortical arousal index was positively correlated to the frequency of overactive bladder contractions. / Diao Mei. / "May 2005." / Adviser: Chung-Kwong Yeung. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-07, Section: B, page: 3693. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 135-159). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.