Doctor of Medicine / Publications 1-49 represent studies that I have undertaken myself or conjointly over a 34 year period to investigate a variety of issues relating to diseases of the kidney and urinary tract in children. The studies were carried out at the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Camperdown when I was Clinical Superintendent from 1968 - 1970; The Department of Paediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA when I was Overseas Research Fellow of the Post Graduate Foundation in Medicine, University of Sydney, 1970 - 1972, then as Staff Physician in Nephrology at the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Camperdown, 1972 - 1977, and then Head of that Department at the Hospital until 1995 and then as an Honorary Staff Specialist at that hospital. Some of the studies were done conjointly with members of the Renal Unit of Royal Prince Alfred Hospital where I hold an Honorary appointment and others conjointly with members of the Renal Unit of Prince Henry Hospital, Little Bay. I was appointed Clinical Associate Professor to the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney in 1993. In 1966 paediatric nephrology was in the early phase of development as a medical subspecialty. There was no definitive textbook, the first was published in 1975 (Pediatric Nephrology, Ed. Mitchell I. Rubin. Williams and Wilkins.). In the preface to the 2nd edition of Renal Disease (Blackwell) in 1967 the editor D.A.K. Black noted that he had included a chapter on paediatric aspects which had been planned for the 1st edition in 1962 but ”it could not be arranged”. In the chapter on Renal Disease in Children the author, D.Macauly, comments that the mortality rate of acute renal failure in children was 50%. When I joined the resident staff of the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children in 1966, children with renal disease were managed by general paediatricians. There was no active program for the treatment of children with acute or chronic renal failure. A small number of kidney biopsies had been performed by Dr Trefor Morgan who, together with Dr Denis Wade, had taught me the technique while I was a resident medical officer at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital in the preceding year. With the guidance and support of Dr S.E.J. Robertson and Dr C. Lee, Honorary Medical Officers, and Dr R.D.K. Reye, Head of the Department of Pathology, I began performing kidney biopsies on children at the request of the paediatrician in charge. In the same year, encouraged again by Doctors Robertson and Lee, and by J.C.M. Friend and J. Brown, I introduced peritoneal dialysis for the treatment of children with acute renal failure, a technique which I had also been taught by Dr Trefor Morgan whilst I was a resident at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital. Dr Robertson encouraged me to present my experience in percutaneous renal biopsy in children at the Annual Meeting of the Australian Paediatric Association in 1968 and this study became the first paper I published in relation to disease of the urinary tract in children (1). In 1970 I was granted an Overseas Research Fellowship by the Post Graduate Foundation in Medicine, University of Sydney, to enable me to undertake a fellowship in the Department of Paediatrics at the University of Minnesota. I had the great fortune in undertaking studies in the new discipline of paediatric nephrology and related research under the guidance of Dr A. F. Michael, Dr R.L.Vernier and Dr A. Fish. I acquired the techniques of immunopathology and electron microscopy. On my return to Australia I established a Department of Nephrology at the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children. I introduced immunofluorescent and electron microscopic studies for the kidney biopsies that I continued to perform and, with the support of Dr R.D.K. Reye, I provided the official reports of these studies until 1990. As a result these studies became part of the histopathologic service provided by the hospital. I continue to be consulted concerning the interpretation of some electron microscopic findings in renal tissue. With the assistance of Dr J.D. Harley I set up a laboratory in the Children’s Medical Research Foundation to continue and expand the studies I had commenced during my Fellowship. Establishing a dialysis and transplant program for children with end stage renal disease (ESRD) was extremely time consuming. At that time most children with ESRD died. The program was initially established jointly with the Renal Unit at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital in 1972 and eventually dialysis facilities were established at the Children’s Hospital using predominantly peritoneal dialysis. By 1978 the existence of the Unit was well known in the general community and articles appeared in the press. One prompted the late Sir Lorimer Dods, the first Professor of Paediatrics in Australia to write to me congratulating me on what I had achieved. He remarked “I have just read with special interest Shaun’s review in the SMH of some of your recent achievements in the field of renal failure in infancy and childhood and want to offer you my personal congratulations on all that you have achieved and are achieving in this area of paediatrics which, in my little world of yesterday, meant nothing more than progressive and unrelenting fatal illness”. Taking part in the development of a relatively new discipline led me to study a number of areas. I encouraged trainees to write reports concerning clinical observations and eventually I was joined by Fellows whom I encouraged and supported to study a number of different areas to ensure that children were being cared for in an environment of strong and open enquiry. This led to studies on investigations of chronic renal failure which Dr Elisabeth Hodson pursued and studies on urinary tract infection in small children for which Dr Jonathon Craig was awarded a PhD. As I had been a contributor and co-author in a number of these studies they have been included in my list of publications. As a result of this diversity I have listed the publications in 9 sections. The overall theme is to study diseases of the renal tract in children and treatments used to understand the processes and ensure the most effective treatment. Some published abstracts of papers presented at scientific meetings have been included to clarify invitations I received to prepare reviews and chapters on various subjects and my involvement in some conjoint studies. I was author or coauthor of several book chapters, reviews, editorials and certain published studies to which I was invited to contribute as a result of my primary studies and these I have included as “Derivative References”numbered 50-76.

Doctor of Medicine / Publications 1-49 represent studies that I have undertaken myself or conjointly over a 34 year period to investigate a variety of issues relating to diseases of the kidney and urinary tract in children. The studies were carried out at the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Camperdown when I was Clinical Superintendent from 1968 - 1970; The Department of Paediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA when I was Overseas Research Fellow of the Post Graduate Foundation in Medicine, University of Sydney, 1970 - 1972, then as Staff Physician in Nephrology at the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Camperdown, 1972 - 1977, and then Head of that Department at the Hospital until 1995 and then as an Honorary Staff Specialist at that hospital. Some of the studies were done conjointly with members of the Renal Unit of Royal Prince Alfred Hospital where I hold an Honorary appointment and others conjointly with members of the Renal Unit of Prince Henry Hospital, Little Bay. I was appointed Clinical Associate Professor to the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney in 1993. In 1966 paediatric nephrology was in the early phase of development as a medical subspecialty. There was no definitive textbook, the first was published in 1975 (Pediatric Nephrology, Ed. Mitchell I. Rubin. Williams and Wilkins.). In the preface to the 2nd edition of Renal Disease (Blackwell) in 1967 the editor D.A.K. Black noted that he had included a chapter on paediatric aspects which had been planned for the 1st edition in 1962 but ”it could not be arranged”. In the chapter on Renal Disease in Children the author, D.Macauly, comments that the mortality rate of acute renal failure in children was 50%. When I joined the resident staff of the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children in 1966, children with renal disease were managed by general paediatricians. There was no active program for the treatment of children with acute or chronic renal failure. A small number of kidney biopsies had been performed by Dr Trefor Morgan who, together with Dr Denis Wade, had taught me the technique while I was a resident medical officer at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital in the preceding year. With the guidance and support of Dr S.E.J. Robertson and Dr C. Lee, Honorary Medical Officers, and Dr R.D.K. Reye, Head of the Department of Pathology, I began performing kidney biopsies on children at the request of the paediatrician in charge. In the same year, encouraged again by Doctors Robertson and Lee, and by J.C.M. Friend and J. Brown, I introduced peritoneal dialysis for the treatment of children with acute renal failure, a technique which I had also been taught by Dr Trefor Morgan whilst I was a resident at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital. Dr Robertson encouraged me to present my experience in percutaneous renal biopsy in children at the Annual Meeting of the Australian Paediatric Association in 1968 and this study became the first paper I published in relation to disease of the urinary tract in children (1). In 1970 I was granted an Overseas Research Fellowship by the Post Graduate Foundation in Medicine, University of Sydney, to enable me to undertake a fellowship in the Department of Paediatrics at the University of Minnesota. I had the great fortune in undertaking studies in the new discipline of paediatric nephrology and related research under the guidance of Dr A. F. Michael, Dr R.L.Vernier and Dr A. Fish. I acquired the techniques of immunopathology and electron microscopy. On my return to Australia I established a Department of Nephrology at the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children. I introduced immunofluorescent and electron microscopic studies for the kidney biopsies that I continued to perform and, with the support of Dr R.D.K. Reye, I provided the official reports of these studies until 1990. As a result these studies became part of the histopathologic service provided by the hospital. I continue to be consulted concerning the interpretation of some electron microscopic findings in renal tissue. With the assistance of Dr J.D. Harley I set up a laboratory in the Children’s Medical Research Foundation to continue and expand the studies I had commenced during my Fellowship. Establishing a dialysis and transplant program for children with end stage renal disease (ESRD) was extremely time consuming. At that time most children with ESRD died. The program was initially established jointly with the Renal Unit at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital in 1972 and eventually dialysis facilities were established at the Children’s Hospital using predominantly peritoneal dialysis. By 1978 the existence of the Unit was well known in the general community and articles appeared in the press. One prompted the late Sir Lorimer Dods, the first Professor of Paediatrics in Australia to write to me congratulating me on what I had achieved. He remarked “I have just read with special interest Shaun’s review in the SMH of some of your recent achievements in the field of renal failure in infancy and childhood and want to offer you my personal congratulations on all that you have achieved and are achieving in this area of paediatrics which, in my little world of yesterday, meant nothing more than progressive and unrelenting fatal illness”. Taking part in the development of a relatively new discipline led me to study a number of areas. I encouraged trainees to write reports concerning clinical observations and eventually I was joined by Fellows whom I encouraged and supported to study a number of different areas to ensure that children were being cared for in an environment of strong and open enquiry. This led to studies on investigations of chronic renal failure which Dr Elisabeth Hodson pursued and studies on urinary tract infection in small children for which Dr Jonathon Craig was awarded a PhD. As I had been a contributor and co-author in a number of these studies they have been included in my list of publications. As a result of this diversity I have listed the publications in 9 sections. The overall theme is to study diseases of the renal tract in children and treatments used to understand the processes and ensure the most effective treatment. Some published abstracts of papers presented at scientific meetings have been included to clarify invitations I received to prepare reviews and chapters on various subjects and my involvement in some conjoint studies. I was author or coauthor of several book chapters, reviews, editorials and certain published studies to which I was invited to contribute as a result of my primary studies and these I have included as “Derivative References”numbered 50-76.

Published papers (M.D.)--Dept. of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, 2005. / Title from title screen (viewed June 28, 2007). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Medicine to the Dept. of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine. Includes bibliographical references. Also issued in print.