Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Breslau.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--York University, 1998. Graduate Programme in Economics. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 177-182). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNQ39265.

Thesis (M.S.)--Brigham Young University. Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 135-138).

Thesis (M. P. A.)--University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2006. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 104 p. : col. maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-88).

In 2002 the Legislative Tuan promulgated the ¡§Charges Law.¡¨ Undoubtedly this has empowered county and city governments to levy charges/fees. Kaohsiung City Government has thus commissioned us to reexamine the reasonableness of the charges system of Kaohsiung city and study how to enhance the levy of charges, through investigating user charges/user fees, Activity Based Costing, and the charges system of counties and cities. This would increase the revenues of Kaohsiung city and comply with the Charges Law requiring local governments to periodically examine and adjust the regulations on charges. The study has found: (1) The fees charged by Kaohsiung City government agencies for city service can be increased. (2) Fewer than 30% of agencies of Kaohsiung City government as well as other county and city governments charge fees that are permitted by local ordinances and regulations. (3) Kaohsiung City has less revenues derived from levying charges than does Taipei City, primarily because the latter has more high rate, more people using public services and facilities and charges new fees. (4) As indicated by questionnaire survey, government agencies for citizen service of Kaohsiung City are not eager to adjust charges or levy new fees in the future. This study suggests Kaohsiung City to adjust charges and levy new fees in consideration of the distinctive conditions of city, by abiding by the ¡§equal, fair¡¨ principle, and by referring to other county and city governments in this regard.

This study investigated fees in public schools in seven school districts of British Columbia. A conceptual framework was formulated from issues in the literature on privatization, principles of taxation, school fee law and practices, and the public/private sectors of education. The framework was then applied to study the occurrence of school fees in public education and their effects on students. Purposive sampling techniques were employed to select districts, schools, and personnel for the study. Selection criteria included size, wealth, location and ethnic composition of districts and schools. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a total of fifty-four professionals including school district officials, school administrators and teachers. The data were analyzed using qualitative techniques. Explanations for current fee practices included: 1) financial and budgetary limitations; 2) the philosophy of users' pay; and 3) an educational policy on voluntary educational pursuits. Fees as a source of revenue to maintain, improve and introduce educational services occurred in four categories: curricular, extracurricular, incidental, and supplementary and special. Administrators at the district and school levels emphasized that fee waivers, bursaries and reimbursements could be applied where necessary. However, costs could not always be absorbed by the school and, needy students were not always easily identified. Schools varied in the degree to which they experienced fee administration difficulties. Most principals indicated that the elimination of all school fees would result in curtailment or discontinuation of certain activities and items. Educators agreed that psychological and social effects from charging fees were also important concerns. Main conclusions are: 1) the benefit principle and ability-to-pay principle are both used to justify school fees; 2) school policies and laws define the application of fees according to required and non-required curricula, thus fees are encountered chiefly for course electives and voluntary activities; 3) by charging fees, schools are able to provide resources necessary for student programs and activities; 4) fees can negatively impact on student participation and psychology. Two policy directions are suggested based on the principles of benefit and abilityto- pay: the maintenance of current levels of fees and the augmentation of fee in public schools.

This study investigated fees in public schools in seven school districts of British Columbia. A conceptual framework was formulated from issues in the literature on privatization, principles of taxation, school fee law and practices, and the public/private sectors of education. The framework was then applied to study the occurrence of school fees in public education and their effects on students. Purposive sampling techniques were employed to select districts, schools, and personnel for the study. Selection criteria included size, wealth, location and ethnic composition of districts and schools. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a total of fifty-four professionals including school district officials, school administrators and teachers. The data were analyzed using qualitative techniques. Explanations for current fee practices included: 1) financial and budgetary limitations; 2) the philosophy of users' pay; and 3) an educational policy on voluntary educational pursuits. Fees as a source of revenue to maintain, improve and introduce educational services occurred in four categories: curricular, extracurricular, incidental, and supplementary and special. Administrators at the district and school levels emphasized that fee waivers, bursaries and reimbursements could be applied where necessary. However, costs could not always be absorbed by the school and, needy students were not always easily identified. Schools varied in the degree to which they experienced fee administration difficulties. Most principals indicated that the elimination of all school fees would result in curtailment or discontinuation of certain activities and items. Educators agreed that psychological and social effects from charging fees were also important concerns. Main conclusions are: 1) the benefit principle and ability-to-pay principle are both used to justify school fees; 2) school policies and laws define the application of fees according to required and non-required curricula, thus fees are encountered chiefly for course electives and voluntary activities; 3) by charging fees, schools are able to provide resources necessary for student programs and activities; 4) fees can negatively impact on student participation and psychology. Two policy directions are suggested based on the principles of benefit and abilityto- pay: the maintenance of current levels of fees and the augmentation of fee in public schools. / Education, Faculty of / Educational Studies (EDST), Department of / Graduate

Mak Nga-sze. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 45-46). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Purpose --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- Flow of the study --- p.3 / Chapter 2 --- Review of Equity Linked Securities --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1 --- Backgrond of Equity Linked Securities in Hong Kong --- p.5 / Chapter 2.2 --- Differences of trading between listed and non-listed ELIs --- p.7 / Chapter 2.3 --- Non-listed ELIs --- p.9 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Definition --- p.9 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Variables specification --- p.11 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Payoff possibilities --- p.13 / Chapter 3 --- Data --- p.17 / Chapter 3.1 --- Data sources --- p.17 / Chapter 3.2 --- Data treatment --- p.18 / Chapter 4 --- Methodology --- p.21 / Chapter 4.1 --- Volatility --- p.23 / Chapter 4.2 --- Implied volatility by CRR binomial Tree --- p.24 / Chapter 4.3 --- Historical volatility --- p.26 / Chapter 5 --- Estimation of Empirical Data --- p.28 / Chapter 5.1 --- Statistical results of the issuer's profit margin --- p.29 / Chapter 5.2 --- Empirical analysis of the profit margin trends --- p.31 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Factor 1: Volatility --- p.34 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Factor 2: Trading volume --- p.34 / Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.37 / Chapter 6.1 --- Conclusion --- p.37 / Chapter 6.2 --- Extensions --- p.38 / Appendix --- p.40 / Chapter .1 --- "Tables of non-listed ELIs in Hong Kong, updated to January 31,2005" --- p.40 / Chapter .2 --- "Stock options in HKEx, lastest to June 2004" --- p.43 / Chapter .3 --- Histograms of the issuer's profit margins --- p.44 / References --- p.45

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