Knowledge of how animals utilize their space can be important when they are held in captivity. This is especially true for animals that are on the edge of extinction as such knowledge can possibly help to improve their captive breeding programs. One of these animals is the dhole, Cuon alpinus. The aim for this study was to assess how the dholes at Kolmården zoo utilize their space, if they share space and if they prefer to use specific pathways. The study took place at Kolmården zoo during 12 days and included a total of 72 hours of visual observation. A summarized map, with subdivision into 14 zones, of the dholes’ enclosure was used when recording the dholes’ location. For location recordings scan sampling was used. The dholes showed marked differences in utilization of zones ranging from the most popular zone with 1341 markings to the least popular zone with 71 markings. There was a clear preference for three zones during the whole observation period. No marked differences for utilization of zones were found between feeding vs. non-feeding days and morning vs. afternoon. Furthermore, the dholes showed a tendency for sharing space and utilization of two pathways. This project makes it evident that the dholes at Kolmården zoo prefer certain zones within their enclosure. This is probably due to that the zones preferred provides locations with access to resting, lookout possibilities etc that is important for the dholes to express a natural behavior.

Adolescence is a very important transition stage between childhood and adulthood. In this stage, due to rapid change physically and mentally, adolescents are more likely to occur physical, psychological, and social problems. Therefore, providing adolescents fine health service is critical. To do so, having a better understanding of the factors associated with health service utilization can help a lot. The main purpose of this study is to understand adolescents¡¦ behavior of health service utilization. Based on Andersen¡¦s behavior model of health service utilization, this study investigated the associations of predisposing characteristics, enabling resource characteristics, and needing characteristics with health service utilization of adolescents. The data used in these analyses were drawn from students in junior high schools of Tainan Providence, of which seven schools were randomly selected and then anonymous questionnaires were distributed to all students. 2,242 of 3,591 students were collected, for a response rate of 55.39%, and the final sample was 1,989. ANOVA and t test were employed to examine health service utilization of adolescents, and multiple regression was used to investigate the factors associated with health service utilization. Several results were found in this study as follows: First, significant differences did exist among junior high students, which indicated that second graders and third graders went to see doctors more times than first graders did. Second, there were 21% and 12% of respondents with experience of hospitalization and operation respectively. Students with hospitalization and operation experience utilized more health services. Third, students with national health insurance were more likely to utilize health services than those without national health insurance. Last, with regard to the relationship between self-perception of health status and health service utilization, the more respondents perceived themselves with problem of physical health or adolescent development, the more health services they utilized. In addition, the perception of emotional problem was negatively related to the utilization of health services. Several suggestions are proposed. First, establish adolescent clinics in all hospitals that are in the level of district hospitals and above to improve medical accessibility. Second, advocate the system of family physician to emphasize continuity and integrity of health care. Moreover, design appropriate clinical education for adolescents to educate them with adequate concept of health care and health utilization, making them understand the idea of health gradient to receive the right treatment in the right place. Last but not least, the health and education administration should reinforce adolescents¡¦ ability of emotional management, provide assistance for them to find out their emotional problems, and help them to receive appropriate health treatment through psychological consultation of adolescent clinics as soon as possible.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2003. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 124 p. : ill. (some col.) Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 94-104).

Thesis (M.H.A.)--University of Michigan, 1970.

Thesis (M.H.A.)--University of Michigan, 1970.

Rainbow trout, about one-year-old, were fed diets containing either glucose (C) or herring oil (F) as the non-protein energy source for a period of two weeks. As well, they were fed each diet at satiation (C-2, F-2) and at levels half that (C-l, F-l). The trout were subsequently fasted and sampled for tissue glycogen, protein, dry matter and glucose-6-phosphatase activity at full feeding and at 2, 4, 8, 10, 13 and 16 days of fasting. The livers of the C-fed fish had 12% wet weight glycogen and the livers of the F-fed fish had 3% wet weight glycogen at full feeding. Upon fasting, glycogen concentrations in the F-fed fish livers fell to basal levels of 1% by 2 days while glycogen concentrations in the C-fed fish livers fell to basal levels only after 10 days. The protein concentration in the trout livers was inversely related to the glycogen concentration. The amount of liver protein in the trout carcass, however, was directly related to dietary carbohydrate levels. Trout liver glucose-6-phosphatase activity increased as fasting progressed but there were no treatment differences in enzyme activity. The muscle of the C-2 fed trout contained .4% glycogen at full feeding. The muscle of the other dietary treatments contained .1-.15% glycogen. It appears that trout muscle stored dietary carbohydrate that was not taken up by the liver or that was not oxidized. Upon fasting there was a depletion in muscle glycogen to basal levels of .05% after 4 days. Thereafter there occurred a rebound in muscle glycogen to levels at or greater than full-fed levels followed by a decline back to basal values. The rebound was greater and peaked earlier (8 days) in the C-fed trout than in the F-fed trout (10 days). Broiler (BR) and White Leghorn (WL) pullet chicks were fed diets, where 25% of the energy was supplied as corn starch (C) or corn oil (F), for a three-week period. The chicks were then fasted and sampled for tissue glycogen, protein and dry matter at full feeding and at 8, 16, 24, 32, 44, 56, 80, 104 and 128 hours of fasting. The BR livers contained more glycogen (3%) than the WL livers (2%) and the C-fed chicks had greater liver glycogen concentrations (3%) than the F-fed chicks (2%) at full feeding. Upon fasting, liver glycogen fell to basal levels of .03% after 8 hours. Thereafter there was a rebound increase in liver glycogen levels to a peak of 1% and a subsequent tapering off. The rebound occurred earlier in the C-fed chicks than in the F-fed chicks. The peak was attained earlier in the WL (32-44 hours) than in the BR (50 hours). The amount of liver protein in the C-fed chicks was higher than that in the F-fed chicks over the entire fasting period. Chick muscle glycogen concentrations were initially higher in the C-fed than in the F-fed chicks and higher in BR (1.2%) than in WL (.8%). Upon fasting, BR muscle glycogen concentrations were maintained while those of WL fell to .3%. There were erratic fluctuations in muscle glycogen levels. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 30-November 02, 1995 / Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada / A consistent theme in spacecraft telemetry system design is the desire to obtain maximum bandwidth utilization given a fixed transmission capability (usually due to cost/weight criteria). Extensions to basic packetization telemetry architectures are discussed which can facilitate a reduction in the amount of actual data telemetered, without loss of data quality. Central to the extensions are the establishment of an "intelligent" telemetry process, which can evaluate pending data to be telemetered, and act to compress, discard, or re-formulate data before actual transmission to ground stations.

No description available.

No description available.