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Sovjetunionens oppløsning førte blant annet til at de sentralasiatiske sovjetrepublikkene ble uavhengige stater, deriblant Kasakhstan og Usbekistan. Hvordan har den språkhistoriske utviklingen i disse landene vært? Hvordan påvirker språklovene situasjonen for det russiske språket etter selvstendigheten? Er dagens språkpolitikk noe nytt i regionen, eller er de politiske grep idag gammelt nytt fra sovjettiden?Dette er noen av de sentrale spørsmålene i denne oppgaven.Jeg anvender meg av komparativ metode når jeg ser på de kasakhiske og usbekiske språklovene fra både før og etter uavhengigheten. Dette anser jeg som hensiktsmessig da jeg er interessert i to ting; å finne likheter og ulikeheter mellom landene i språkspørsmålet, samt å finne likheter og ulikheter i tidsperiode, altså før og etter selvstendigheten.Som definition på hva språkpolitikk er, går jeg ut ifra en bred definisjon som gjenfinnes hos Schlyter ( Language Policy in Independent Uzbekistan s.8). Språkpolitikk er de virkemidler som offentlige myndigheter har for å påvirke språks utvikling.Takk til Per Arne Bodin, min veileder ved slaviske institusjonen. Takk til Birgit Schlyter ved institusjonen for orientaliske språk for hjelp i fremskaffing av litteratur og hvis forskning har gjort denne oppgaven mulig.

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A growing body of literature links religion to a variety of beneficial health outcomes, but many aspects of the influence of religion on health attitudes and behaviors remain uninvestigated. Most existing work linking religion to health focuses on the United States and other Western contexts, and examinations of reproductive, maternal, and child health are notably absent from research seeking to clarify the relationships between religion and health. This dissertation explores the influences of religious beliefs and behaviors on reproductive, maternal, and child health in Uzbekistan, a theoretically and practically useful context for this study. In this project, I seek to enhance understandings of connections between religion and health by incorporating insights from demographic literature on religion and reproduction and from the body of work on the religion-health connection. In order to answer questions about overall associations between religion and reproductive, maternal, and child health as well as questions about the specific pathways through which religion comes to affect health, I draw on both quantitative and qualitative analyses. I conduct quantitative analysis using secondary survey data collected in 1996 and 2002 in order to address questions related to patterns in the observable relationships between religious affiliation and aspects of reproductive, maternal, and child health in Uzbekistan. To answer questions about mechanisms of religious influence, I turn to qualitative data (observation, focus groups, and in-depth interviews) collected over an 11 month period in two locations (urban and rural) in Uzbekistan. The findings indicate that religion constitutes an important influence on women’s and men’s decisions relating to multiple aspects of reproductive, maternal, and child health in the Uzbek context. The effects of religious beliefs and behaviors on these decisions have the potential to be both beneficial and detrimental to health outcomes, often operating through ideas about gender and familial roles, attitudes about health care utilization, and conceptions of health as a factor of overriding religious importance. The findings are relevant for assessing the utility of previously hypothesized mechanisms linking religion to health and reproduction and suggest several new directions for theorizing about these connections. / text

Young people who are in the process of establishing their independent lives or families in Uzbekistan find it almost impossible obtain housing. The issue has become acute after the country became independent from the Soviet Union in 1991 and is worst in the capital, Tashkent. This thesis focuses on a sample of young people belonging to middle-income category who are seeking for affordable and suitable housing in the capital. It maps out the issues involved with housing in Tashkent, and investigates how young people, from both the city and other provinces, find accommodation in Tashkent. The study finds that these young and educated, middle-class citizens are not “passive recipients” of the status quo, and they find their own ways to mitigate the affordable housing deprivation within their means. In addition to the Soviet-built housing stock, they make use of culture and social capital in creative ways. In this, they have contributed to the building of a new informal housing market, which. / Establishment of Tashkent as a regional center and its housing -- Literature review, analytical framework, research methods and limitations -- Stories of ordinary people housing by themselves in Tashkent -- The implications of people's housing journeys in Tashkent. / Department of Urban Planning

This thesis applies role theory to understand how Uzbekistan's bilateral relationships became either conflicting or cooperative between 1991 and 2010. Roles are key elements of social interaction as they describe plausible lines of action in a particular subject-person. They are thus a helpful way of identifying actors and constructing narratives. Furthermore, if they are seen as metaphors for drama, one may argue that roles - as opposed to personal identities - encapsulate autonomous action, which, like a text, ascertains meaning beyond the author's intent. In other words, by separating action from intent, one may regard politics in a different light - as interaction emplotted by roles -, thereby revealing how actions contradict a set of roles and lead to conflict and crises in public credibility. This manner of emplotting relationships divulges an alternative story that, rather than focusing on Tashkent's strategic balancing and alignment, demonstrates how Uzbekistani leadership gradually developed an overarching self-reliant role set that shapes its actions. Moreover, Uzbekistan's cooperative and conflicting relationships are described less in light of strategic survival rationale than as the outcome of gradual role compatibilities arising through time. Therefore, unlike some other accounts, this thesis argues that, throughout Uzbekistan's first twenty years of independence, public disputes were crucial to understanding interaction and also that Tashkent was never actually aligned with Russia or the United States. To bring forth this argument, the following chapters expound the assumptions behind some scholarly research and develop the concepts of self-reliance, roles, action, public sphere, credibility and narrative. The discussion progresses toward self-reliance and how the concept captures President Karimov's roles, which are used to emplot Uzbekistan's interaction with the United States, Russia, Germany and Turkey. The first two are relevant for analyzing whether roles reveal more than the typical accounts based on security balancing. Germany is then included because its relationship with Tashkent was rarely conflicting in the public sphere, allowing it to increase bilateral trade and secure a military base in Uzbekistan after the 2005 Andijan Crisis. It was thus a relatively stable connection, unlike Tashkent's relationships with Washington and Moscow. Lastly, to control Germany's middle-power status, the case of Turkey is brought to the fore since Ankara's willingness to engage with Tashkent was not enough to foster cooperation.

Thesis (M.S.)--Naval Postgraduate School, 2002. / Thesis advisor(s): E. Cory Yoder, James Suchan. Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-112). Also available online.

Disputats. Universität Hohenheim, 2002. / Haves kun i elektronisk udg.

Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2002. / Thesis advisor(s): Anna Simons, Jeffrey Starr. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-85). Also available online.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Harvard University, 1991. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 302-313).