The main target of this thesis is to clarify some problems of accounting for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), where are some mistakes or questions around them in practise. The first part focuses on importance of SMEs generally. Other part consists of some selected topics as a depreciation and highlighted new legislation which is valid from January 2010, proforma invoices and the relation to VAT, intracommunity transfers and their places of delivery which is important for VAT charges. In labour law there is a caution about the difference between an allowance for meals and meal vouchers as a result of mistakes in travel expenses and connection to this meal voucher as an instrument of payment. There is also a notification of a new lease arrangements from January 2009. This big part is closed by outsourcing of accounting services and why these services are helpful. Very important is also next part which deals with a new International Financial Reporting Standard for SMEs which was issued by IASB in July 2009. In the conclusion of this thesis there are some practical examples of above-cited problems.