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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Pir?lise t?rmica e catal?tica de res?duos de v?cuo gerados no refino de petr?leo

Lima, Regineide de Oliveira 17 February 2012 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RegineideOL_DISSERT.pdf: 1906684 bytes, checksum: 6ab6bc4b30db454754e3cd6ba142d8d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-17 / In this study, was used a very promising technique called of pyrolysis, which can be used for obtaining products with higher added value. From oils and residues, since the contribution of heavier oils and residues has intensified to the world refining industry, due to the growing demand for fuel, for example, liquid hydrocarbons in the range of gasoline and diesel. The catalytic pyrolysis of vacuum residues was performed with the use of a mesoporous material belonging the M41S family, which was discovered in the early 90s by researchers Mobil Oil Corporation, allowing new perspectives in the field of catalysis. One of the most important members of this family is the MCM-41, which has a hexagonal arrangement of mesopores with pore diameters between 2 and 10 nm and a high specific surface area, making it very promising for use as a catalyst in petroleum refining for catalytic cracking, and their mesopores facilitate the access of large hydrocarbon molecules. The addition of aluminum in the structure of MCM-41 increases the acidity of the material, making it more positive for application in the petrochemical industry. The mesoporous material of the type Al-MCM41 (ratio Si / Al = 50) was synthesized by hydrothermal method starting from the silica gel, NaOH and distilled water added to the gel pseudobohemita synthesis. Driver was used as structural CTMABr. Removal of organic driver (CTMABr) was observed by TG / DTG and FTIR, but this material was characterized by XRD, which was observed the formation of the main peaks characteristic of mesoporous materials. The analysis of adsorption / desorption of nitrogen this material textural parameters were determined. The vacuum residues (VR's) that are products of the bottom of the vacuum distillation tower used in this study are different from oil fields (regions of Cear? and Rio de Janeiro). Previously characterized by various techniques such as FTIR, viscosity, density, SARA, elemental analysis and thermogravimetry, which was performed by thermal and catalytic degradation of vacuum residues. The effect of AlMCM-41 was satisfactory, since promoted a decrease in certain ranges of temperature required in the process of conversion of hydrocarbons, but also promoted a decrease in energy required in the process. Thus enabling lower costs related to energy expenditure from degradation during processing of the waste / No presente trabalho, foi utilizada uma t?cnica bastante promissora denominada de pir?lise, a qual pode ser usada para obten??o de produtos com maior valor agregado. Partindo de ?leos e res?duos, visto que a contribui??o desses petr?leos mais pesados e res?duos tem se intensificado para o mundo da ind?stria do refino, em virtude da crescente demanda por combust?veis, como por exemplo, hidrocarbonetos l?quidos na faixa de gasolina e ?leo diesel. Os res?duos de v?cuo (RV?S) que s?o produtos de fundo da torre de destila??o a v?cuo utilizados neste trabalho, foram provenientes de diferentes petr?leos (regi?es do Cear? e Rio de Janeiro). Estes res?duos foram previamente caracterizados por v?rias t?cnicas como: FTIR, viscosidade, densidade, SARA, an?lise elementar e termogravimetria, pela qual foi realizada a degrada??o t?rmica e catal?tica dos res?duos de v?cuo. A pir?lise catal?tica dos res?duos de v?cuo foi realizada com a utiliza??o de um material mesoporoso pertencente ? fam?lia M41S, que foi descoberto no in?cio dos anos 90 por pesquisadores da Mobil Oil Corporation, possibilitando assim novas perspectivas no ramo da cat?lise. Um dos mais importantes membros desta fam?lia ? o MCM-41, que possui um arranjo hexagonal de mesoporos com di?metros de poros entre 2 a 10 nm e uma alta ?rea espec?fica, tornando-o bastante promissor para ser utilizado como catalisador no refino do petr?leo para o craqueamento catal?tico, j? que seus mesoporos facilitam o acesso de mol?culas grandes de hidrocarbonetos. A incorpora??o do alum?nio na rede do material MCM-41 proporciona a acidez ao material, possibilitando sua aplica??o na ind?stria petroqu?mica. O material mesoporoso do tipo Al- MCM41 (raz?o Si/Al=50) foi sintetizado atrav?s do m?todo hidrot?rmico partindo da S?lica gel, NaOH e ?gua destilada, acrescentado de pseudobohemita no gel de s?ntese. O efeito do AlMCM-41 foi satisfat?rio, pois promoveu uma diminui??o de determinadas faixas de temperatura requeridas no processo de convers?es dos hidrocarbonetos, como tamb?m promoveu uma diminui??o na energia necess?ria do processo. Possibilitando assim, menos custos relacionados ao gasto de energia para a degrada??o durante o processamento desses res?duos. Como direcionador estrutural foi utilizado CTMABr. A remo??o do direcionador org?nico (CTMABr) foi verificado por TG/DTG e FTIR, como tamb?m este material foi caracterizado por DRX, o qual foi constatado a forma??o dos principais picos caracter?sticos dos materiais mesoporosos. Pela an?lise de adsor??o/dessor??o de nitrog?nio deste material foram determinados os par?metros texturais

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