The importance of the role of civil servants in the process of state governance is determined by their special status as mediators between politicians and society. In organizing implementation of the political decisions, the competence, responsibility, professionalism of civil servants is of great significance. Seeking to create strong and professional civil service it is very important to adopt necessary legal acts and to determine clearly the legal status of officials, their duties, rights and responsibilities. Lithuanian state, which declared its independence in 1918, had to deal with this important task. The aim of this graduation paper is to define the legal status of civil servants in Lithuania in years 1918 – 1940, to describe its development and peculiarities. The content of legal acts of Republic of Lithuania is analyzed. The general problems of the creation of Lithuanian legal system, which are related with the civil service, are presented. The formation of legal base of civil service is described. The various aspects of the legal status of civil servant are defined, including admission, hierarchical system and categories, duties, wage, development of skills, pensions, allowances, vacations, responsibility and dismissal. The proposed reforms seeking to modernize and rationalize the Lithuanian civil service are presented and discussed.