Currently, there is no comprehensive instrument that accounts for all the proposed aspects of vaping dependence simultaneously, nor do current instruments routinely account for factors that may be more unique to vaping dependence. Therefore, the current study addresses these concerns by developing a new multidimensional self-report instrument of vaping dependence. Using guidance from the literature together with expert recommendations, an initial item pool was generated and evaluated. Participants were recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk, and data was collected via Qualtrics. Data was split into a subsample for exploratory factor analysis (EFA; to determine the latent structure of the proposed instrument) and a subsample for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; to validate the model structure). EFA suggested a 4-factor model, which was supported by subsequent CFA. These factors were interpreted as: physiological dependence, vaping preoccupation, vaping reinforcement, and loss of control. Data was then reintegrated, and the measure's psychometric properties were evaluated in the overall sample. The total scale and each subscale of the instrument (the Multidimensional Vaping Dependence Index) displayed adequate internal consistency, as well as convergent, discriminant, concurrent, and incremental validity.