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Green roofs are increasingly being used in the United States to mitigate the negative effects of impervious surfaces on aquatic ecosystems. Though performance of these systems varies with climate, little research has been conducted in the Southeastern U.S., and no prior research has been conducted in Mississippi. An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of soil depth and roof slope on the stormwater retention of green roofs in Mississippi’s hot, humid climate. Simulated roof platforms were constructed to investigate two soil depths and two slopes, each replicated three times and planted with four species of Sedum. The green roof platforms significantly reduced runoff depth when compared with total rainfall depth. Soil depth and slope both significantly affected retention, with higher retention seen with increasing soil depth and lower retention seen with increasing slope. These results indicate that green roofs can be an effective tool to reduce runoff in Mississippi.

Vegetated roof technologies are increasingly being adopted as treatment measures to mitigate the effects of urban stormwater. A mass balance approach was used to assess the wet weather performance of a vegetated roof on the top of city hall in Waterloo, Ontario. Vegetated and control roof sections were instrumented to measure precipitation inputs, storage and outflow for 18 storm events from June to October, 2006. Concentrations of suspended solids (SS), total phosphorus (TP), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr) and cadmium (Cd) in precipitation and roof (vegetated and control) runoff were measured. A total of 155.6 mm of rain fell during the study period. The vegetated roof retained 64.5 mm (41.5%) of the total rainfall while the control roof retained ~ 5.1 mm (3.3 %). For individual rain events, the vegetated roof retained an average of 3.5 mm (47.6 %) while the control roof retained ~ 0.3 mm (4.7 %). Water retention varied with storm size, season and was influenced by wetting history. The vegetated roof retained 80.6 % of precipitation for light storm events (≤ 3.5 mm) and 34.9 % for large storm events (> 3.5 mm). The control roof retained 7.6 % light storm events and 3.7 % for large storm events. Water quality from the vegetated roof did not show significant improvement as only Zn concentrations in runoff from the vegetated roof were significantly lower than that measured in runoff from the control roof. Concentrations of SS, Cu, Cr and Cd in vegetated roof runoff were relative to concentrations in rainfall and control roof runoff and TP and SRP concentrations were significantly higher than that in rainfall or control roof runoff. Results gained from this study may assist people in planning and stormwater management by providing insight into the monitoring, development and application of new stormwater controls.

Vegetated roof technologies are increasingly being adopted as treatment measures to mitigate the effects of urban stormwater. A mass balance approach was used to assess the wet weather performance of a vegetated roof on the top of city hall in Waterloo, Ontario. Vegetated and control roof sections were instrumented to measure precipitation inputs, storage and outflow for 18 storm events from June to October, 2006. Concentrations of suspended solids (SS), total phosphorus (TP), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr) and cadmium (Cd) in precipitation and roof (vegetated and control) runoff were measured. A total of 155.6 mm of rain fell during the study period. The vegetated roof retained 64.5 mm (41.5%) of the total rainfall while the control roof retained ~ 5.1 mm (3.3 %). For individual rain events, the vegetated roof retained an average of 3.5 mm (47.6 %) while the control roof retained ~ 0.3 mm (4.7 %). Water retention varied with storm size, season and was influenced by wetting history. The vegetated roof retained 80.6 % of precipitation for light storm events (≤ 3.5 mm) and 34.9 % for large storm events (> 3.5 mm). The control roof retained 7.6 % light storm events and 3.7 % for large storm events. Water quality from the vegetated roof did not show significant improvement as only Zn concentrations in runoff from the vegetated roof were significantly lower than that measured in runoff from the control roof. Concentrations of SS, Cu, Cr and Cd in vegetated roof runoff were relative to concentrations in rainfall and control roof runoff and TP and SRP concentrations were significantly higher than that in rainfall or control roof runoff. Results gained from this study may assist people in planning and stormwater management by providing insight into the monitoring, development and application of new stormwater controls.

A perda de vegetação natural e o aumento das superfícies impermeáveis decorrentes da expansão urbana têm mostrado que os tradicionais sistemas de drenagem urbana são insuficientes e pouco adaptáveis às alterações de uso do solo. Uma das consequências disso é o aumento da velocidade do escoamento superficial (runoff) que favorece as inundações, com enormes prejuízos materiais e ambientais. As inundações ocorrem geralmente quando ha ocorrência de chuvas de alta intensidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a contribuição dos telhados verdes modulares submetidos a chuvas de alta intensidade, 155mm/h com duração de 7,0 minutos para retenção e retardo do escoamento superficial. Além disso, foram determinados valores para parâmetros de modelos clássicos chuva-vazão: Método Racional (C) e CN (SCS), que poderá, futuramente, servir de modelagem hidrológica dos impactos da adoção de telhados verdes no controle das enchentes urbanas. A metodologia adotada foi de natureza experimental e envolveu a construção de bancadas com inclinação regulável para suporte dos módulos experimentais e um sistema para indução de chuvas com intensidade controlada. Foram estudados três modelos de sistema modular para telhado verde que permitem o armazenamento de água no fundo da bandeja que compõe os módulos, sendo 2 de 17,0 L (M-17 e F-17) e 1 de 4,0 L (M-4), nas condições de solo seco e solo úmido. Em cada módulo vegetado foram utilizadas 3 espécies de vegetação: Portulaca oleracea (Onze horas), Callisia repens (Dinheiro em penca) e Apnia cordfolia (Rosinha do sol). Os resultados demonstraram que os volumes retidos, calculados a partir da observação do runoff, nas diferentes situações, foram coerentes entre si e com dados relatados na literatura. Os módulos vegetados produziram os melhores resultados com solo seco e os piores resultados com solo úmido. O percentual médio de retenção, considerando todos os tipos de módulos, foi de 58% do volume total de água induzida, com retardo médio de 12 minutos no runoff. Os valores médios de C (Método Racional) foram 0,4, 0,48, 0,36, para os módulos M-17, M-4 e F-17, respectivamente e os de CN (SCS) foram 93, 95, 93, para os mesmos módulos. Conforme esperado, os maiores valores de CN foram para solos úmidos, mantendo a relação que quanto menor o volume retido, maior o runoff e o CN. O módulo F-17 foi o que apresentou melhor desempenho em todos os aspectos (redução do escoamento, retenção hídrica e retardo do runoff). Este estudo demonstra a boa contribuição que esse tipo de sistema pode proporcionar na retenção e retardo do escoamento superficial, mesmo para chuvas intensas de curta duração, principalmente após período de curta estiagem, situação comum em locais de clima tropical. Futuros estudos deverão avaliar o desempenho dos sistemas modulares de telhados verdes com outras características e intensidades de chuvas. A adoção de telhados verdes deve ser cautelosa, sobretudo pela carga extra que esse tipo de sistema representa. / The loss of natural vegetation and the increase of impermeable surfaces due to the urban expansion have shown that the traditional urban drain systems are ineffective and not much adaptable to the changes of ground use. One of the consequences is the increase of the speed of runoff, which furthers flood, with great material and environmental damage. The flood usually occurs because of stormwaters. The aim of this essay was to study the modular green roofs contribution, submitted to storms, 155mm/h lasting 7,0 minutes, in retention and delay of runoff. Besides, values were determined for these rain-flow classic model parameters: Rational method (C) and CN (SCS), which will be used for hydrological modeling of the effects of using green roofs to control urban flood. The methodology used is experimental and involved building worktops with adjustable inclination to support the experimental modules and a system for controlled induction of rain intensity. Three modular system models were studied for green roof which allow the storage of water at the bottom of the tray that the modules are made up, two are 17,0 L (M-17 and F-17) and one is 4,0 L(M-4), in dry soil and moist conditions. In each vegetated module three species of vegetation were used: Portulaca oleracea, Callisia repens e Apnia Cordfolia. The results show that the retained volume, calculated through observing the runoff, in different situations, are coherent with each other and have data reported in literature. The vegetated modules produced the best results with dry soil and the worst results with moist soil. The average percentage of retention, considering all the types of modules, was 58% of the total volume of induced water, with a 12 minute average delay on runoff. The average values of C (Rational method) were 0,4; 0,48; 0,36, to modules M-17, M-4 and F-17, respectively and the ones for CN (SCS) were 93, 95, 93, to the same modules. As expected, the greatest CN values were the ones for moist ground, keeping the relation of lesser retained volume and more runoff and CN. The module F-17 presented better performance in all aspects (flow reduction, hydric retention, runoff delay). This study shows the good contribution this kind of system may provide for retention and delay runoff, even for short duration heavy rains, mainly after dry season, common situation in places with tropical weather. Future studies should assess the green roofs performance of modular systems accounting other characteristics and types of rains intensity. Adopting green roofs must be cautious, especially the extra burden that such a system is.

A perda de vegetação natural e o aumento das superfícies impermeáveis decorrentes da expansão urbana têm mostrado que os tradicionais sistemas de drenagem urbana são insuficientes e pouco adaptáveis às alterações de uso do solo. Uma das consequências disso é o aumento da velocidade do escoamento superficial (runoff) que favorece as inundações, com enormes prejuízos materiais e ambientais. As inundações ocorrem geralmente quando ha ocorrência de chuvas de alta intensidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a contribuição dos telhados verdes modulares submetidos a chuvas de alta intensidade, 155mm/h com duração de 7,0 minutos para retenção e retardo do escoamento superficial. Além disso, foram determinados valores para parâmetros de modelos clássicos chuva-vazão: Método Racional (C) e CN (SCS), que poderá, futuramente, servir de modelagem hidrológica dos impactos da adoção de telhados verdes no controle das enchentes urbanas. A metodologia adotada foi de natureza experimental e envolveu a construção de bancadas com inclinação regulável para suporte dos módulos experimentais e um sistema para indução de chuvas com intensidade controlada. Foram estudados três modelos de sistema modular para telhado verde que permitem o armazenamento de água no fundo da bandeja que compõe os módulos, sendo 2 de 17,0 L (M-17 e F-17) e 1 de 4,0 L (M-4), nas condições de solo seco e solo úmido. Em cada módulo vegetado foram utilizadas 3 espécies de vegetação: Portulaca oleracea (Onze horas), Callisia repens (Dinheiro em penca) e Apnia cordfolia (Rosinha do sol). Os resultados demonstraram que os volumes retidos, calculados a partir da observação do runoff, nas diferentes situações, foram coerentes entre si e com dados relatados na literatura. Os módulos vegetados produziram os melhores resultados com solo seco e os piores resultados com solo úmido. O percentual médio de retenção, considerando todos os tipos de módulos, foi de 58% do volume total de água induzida, com retardo médio de 12 minutos no runoff. Os valores médios de C (Método Racional) foram 0,4, 0,48, 0,36, para os módulos M-17, M-4 e F-17, respectivamente e os de CN (SCS) foram 93, 95, 93, para os mesmos módulos. Conforme esperado, os maiores valores de CN foram para solos úmidos, mantendo a relação que quanto menor o volume retido, maior o runoff e o CN. O módulo F-17 foi o que apresentou melhor desempenho em todos os aspectos (redução do escoamento, retenção hídrica e retardo do runoff). Este estudo demonstra a boa contribuição que esse tipo de sistema pode proporcionar na retenção e retardo do escoamento superficial, mesmo para chuvas intensas de curta duração, principalmente após período de curta estiagem, situação comum em locais de clima tropical. Futuros estudos deverão avaliar o desempenho dos sistemas modulares de telhados verdes com outras características e intensidades de chuvas. A adoção de telhados verdes deve ser cautelosa, sobretudo pela carga extra que esse tipo de sistema representa. / The loss of natural vegetation and the increase of impermeable surfaces due to the urban expansion have shown that the traditional urban drain systems are ineffective and not much adaptable to the changes of ground use. One of the consequences is the increase of the speed of runoff, which furthers flood, with great material and environmental damage. The flood usually occurs because of stormwaters. The aim of this essay was to study the modular green roofs contribution, submitted to storms, 155mm/h lasting 7,0 minutes, in retention and delay of runoff. Besides, values were determined for these rain-flow classic model parameters: Rational method (C) and CN (SCS), which will be used for hydrological modeling of the effects of using green roofs to control urban flood. The methodology used is experimental and involved building worktops with adjustable inclination to support the experimental modules and a system for controlled induction of rain intensity. Three modular system models were studied for green roof which allow the storage of water at the bottom of the tray that the modules are made up, two are 17,0 L (M-17 and F-17) and one is 4,0 L(M-4), in dry soil and moist conditions. In each vegetated module three species of vegetation were used: Portulaca oleracea, Callisia repens e Apnia Cordfolia. The results show that the retained volume, calculated through observing the runoff, in different situations, are coherent with each other and have data reported in literature. The vegetated modules produced the best results with dry soil and the worst results with moist soil. The average percentage of retention, considering all the types of modules, was 58% of the total volume of induced water, with a 12 minute average delay on runoff. The average values of C (Rational method) were 0,4; 0,48; 0,36, to modules M-17, M-4 and F-17, respectively and the ones for CN (SCS) were 93, 95, 93, to the same modules. As expected, the greatest CN values were the ones for moist ground, keeping the relation of lesser retained volume and more runoff and CN. The module F-17 presented better performance in all aspects (flow reduction, hydric retention, runoff delay). This study shows the good contribution this kind of system may provide for retention and delay runoff, even for short duration heavy rains, mainly after dry season, common situation in places with tropical weather. Future studies should assess the green roofs performance of modular systems accounting other characteristics and types of rains intensity. Adopting green roofs must be cautious, especially the extra burden that such a system is.

The subject of this diploma thesis is the elaboration of project documentation for the construction of a civic amenity building for outpatient care, with associated establishments, namely a pharmacy and a café. The building is designed on a plot of land located in the center of the town of Chotěboř in the Havlíčkův Brod district. The polyclinic is designed as a partially basement, free-standing rectangular building with overhanging entrances to individual establishments. The outpatient department has three floors. Underground vertical structures are designed as reinforced concrete walls, above-ground peripheral and internal load-bearing masonry is made of ceramic blocks, ceiling structures are made of prestressed panels. A double-reinforced concrete monolithic staircase and an elevator are designed in the building. Non-load-bearing internal structures are solved using plasterboard structures and the whole building is covered with a single-skin flat vegetation roof.

The thesis focuces on project documentation for a construction project with the aim to design home for children under institutional care. Located on the outskirts of Skuteč, the building is three-storey, detached and partially basemented. The basement area lays on the slab foundations and the first floor on strip foundations. Vertical structures are made of ceramic blocks and local reinforced concrete columns while horizontal structures are made of reinforced concrete slabs and wooden trusses over the gym. The building is covered by a vegetated flat roof. The building houses six residential units for six family groups with a total capacity of 43 children. The basement includes gym and fitness with technical facilities. The first floor consists of three residential units, changing rooms for the gym and kitchen with facilities. The second floor houses remaining three residential units, offices and the refectory. The upper floor is used for children´s education and entertainment.

The thesis deals with the design of a two-storey L-shaped smart building for amenities with a low energy consumption concept in mind. The ground floor will be used as a café and technical facilities. The second floor is designed for a small design office. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the architectural and structural design. The selected load-bearing system is a wall system made of Silka sand-lime blocks. The floor and roof are designed of prestressed reinforced concrete panels Spiroll. Stone wool is used as the main thermal insulation. The flat roof is designed green extensive. The second part of the thesis deals with the building environment technology, which will use energy from photovoltaic panels and will be supplied with heat from a local central heat source. Air exchange is provided by two HVAC units. Cooling is designed as a VRF system with refrigerant. The third part of the thesis deals with the acoustic assessment. The main topic is optimizing the reverberation time in the open space office. For the preparation of the thesis, the Archicad and Autocad software, MS Excel and Word or Deksoft were used.

The subject of my diploma thesis is a new-building of a municipal authority with a nursery school in Obora near Boskovice. The objects are statically and operationally separated from each other, but they formo ne unit. The building is located on the corner of the village in a flat terrain and thus forms the dominant feature of the village and a landmark. The target of the design was to create a building that will harmoniously connect to the surrounding buildings, public spaces and the school garden. The municipal authority has a rectangular floor plan, two-storey, basement, covered with a sloping roof, the building has a designed elevator. In the basement there are cellars of local associations, on the ground floor there is information center, a municipal library and on the first floor there is a municipal office with a registry office and a ceremonial hall. The attic can be used in the future for municipal apartments for rent. An official board with a public space is designed ahead of the municipal office. A photovoltaic power plant will be located on the roof of the municipal office. The nursery school has a trapezoidal floor plan, ground floor, no basement, covered with a vegetated flat roof. In the nursery school there is a children's day room with a storage room, storage of mattresses, teaching aids, food preparation, technical and hygienic facilities. The structural systém of both objects is longitudinal, wall. The underground part of the municipal office is designed in a white concrete tub system. The vertical load-bearing constructions are made from cut ceramic blocks. The horizontal constructions in the municipal office are monolithic, ferroconcrete, and in the nursery school they are prefabricated, ferroconcrete. The project was made in AutoCad software application, 3D model in 3D modelling computer program SketchUp.