Este estudo faz uma análise dos níveis de emissões veiculares relacionados com os problemas de poluição na cidade de São Paulo. Utilizando a metodologia denominada bottom-up, avalia de forma teórica os índices de poluentes que saem pelo tubo de escapamento da maior frota de veículos leves do país. São abordados tópicos relacionados com o dia-a-dia da cidade como crescimento da frota, combustíveis, transporte público, poluição atmosférica e seus efeitos à saúde e ainda a influência atmosférica na região. Foram feitas diversas simulações no decorrer do estudo denominadas de cenários, que são baseadas na simples, porém eficiente, aplicação da metodologia bottom-up que utiliza, para os cálculos, os fatores de emissões de acordo com a evolução das fases do PROCONVE para obter a quantidade de determinados poluentes emitido por ano. Os cenários permitem a substituição dos veículos mais velhos por veículos novos e apresentam resultados positivos para o meio ambiente, dentre eles aqueles que podem ser considerados como alternativas ousadas e outros podem ser vistos como alternativas mais conservadoras, mas todos demostram melhorias significativas para a qualidade do ar na cidade de são Paulo. A evolução das fases citadas trouxeram muitos benefícios ao meio ambiente por meio das novas tecnologias desenvolvidas e embarcadas nos veículos novos e que não deixam de ser a solução para o futuro, onde melhorias nas condições atmosféricas devem ser alcançadas. Questões como políticas públicas e legislações específicas para a substituição dos veículos velhos da rua, não saem da teoria. Na prática o trânsito está cada vez mais caótico, em partes pela quantidade de carros em péssimas condições de uso que ainda circulam e quebram todos os dias, afetando diretamente a qualidade do ar na metrópole paulista. / This study presents an analysis of the levels of vehicles emissions related to the pollution problems in São Paulo City. Using a methodology called bottom-up, this thesis presents a theoretical evaluation on the rates of pollutants coming out the exhaust pipe of the largest light vehicles fleet in Brazil. Issues related to daily city activities such as the fleet growth, fuels, public transportation, air pollution and its effects on the population health and the atmospheric influence in the region as well are presented. Simulations for scenarios drawn were based on a simple but efficient, implementation of bottom-up approach that employs, for calculations, the emission factors according to the changing phases of PROCONVE (the Brazilian National Program for the Pollution Control of Vehicles) for the amount of pollutants emitted per year. The scenarios consider that replacement of older vehicles by new ones is positive for the environment. Some scenarios may be considered as non-conservative alternatives and others can be seen as conservative, but all demonstrate significant improvements to the quality of air in São Paulo City. The evolution of the phases mentioned have brought many benefits to the environment through new technologies developed for new vehicles and represent a solution for the future, when improvements in atmospheric conditions must be met. Issues such as public policies and laws specific to the replacement of old vehicles still have to be improved. In practical means, the traffic is increasingly chaotic, in part by the amount of cars in poor use that still run and break every day, directly affecting the air quality in metropolitan region.

abstract: The prospects of commercially available autonomous vehicles are surely tantalizing, however the implementation of these vehicles and their strain on the social dynamics between motorists and pedestrians remains unknown. Questions concerning how autonomous vehicles will communicate safety and intent to pedestrians remain largely unanswered. This study examines the efficacy of various proposed technologies for bridging the communication gap between self-driving cars and pedestrians. Displays utilizing words like “safe” and “danger” seem to be effective in communicating with pedestrians and other road users. Future research should attempt to study different external notification interfaces in real-life settings to more accurately gauge pedestrian responses. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Engineering 2019

Electric Vehicle (EV) has become an increasingly important topic in recent years due to energy and environmental concerns. Governments started to focus on remedies to the upcoming climate change threat and seek solutions through policies and regulations. The negative impact of carbon emissions along with pressure from governmental and social organizations force automotive manufacturers to shift to alternative energy sources. However, EV transition is a complex problem because its stakeholders are very diverse including governments, policy makers, EV manufacturers, and Non-Government Organizations (NGOs). Consequently, the barriers to EV adoption are not only consumer oriented, rather exist under many categories. The literature has yet to offer a comprehensive, quantified list of barriers to EV adoption. Although the enacted policies are known, the effectiveness of these policies in mitigating EV adoption is not known. The objective of this research is to assess policy alternatives for mitigation of EV adoption barriers by developing a comprehensive evaluation model. Barriers are grouped under Social, Technical, Environmental, Economic and Political (STEEP) perspectives that are perceived by decision makers as important for adoption process. The decision model of research links the perspectives to barriers, and policy alternatives. The research implements the hierarchical decision model (HDM) to construct a generalized policy assessment framework. Data for EV adoption barriers were collected from the abovementioned stakeholders. Experts' qualitative judgments were collected and quantified using the pair-wise comparison method. The final rankings and effectiveness of policy alternatives were calculated. This research's results showed that the most important perspective is Economic. The top three most important barriers to EV adoption were identified as Initial Cost, Battery Cost, and Entrenched Technology Resistance, respectively. The most effective policy in mitigating EV adoption barriers is R&D Incentives. The research also extended the policy effectiveness research with Policy Effectiveness Curves by reaching out to additional experts. These curves helped determine the effectiveness of each of the 6 policies at different implementation levels. Based on these results, 25 scenarios were applied by combinations of policies at different implementation levels to investigate how the effectiveness of policies can change compared to today's conditions.

Necessary conditions for stability of coupled autonomous vehicles in R are established in this thesis. The focus is on linear arrays with decentralized vehicles, where each vehicle interacts with only a few of its neighbors. Decentralized means that there is no central authority governing the motion. Instead, each vehicle registers only velocity and position relative to itself and bases its acceleration only on those data. Explicit expressions are obtained for necessary conditions for asymptotic stability in the cases that a system consists of a periodic arrangement of two or three different types of vehicles, i.e. configurations as follows: ...2-1-2-1 or ...3-2-1-3-2-1. Previous literature indicated that the (necessary) condition for stability in the case of a single vehicle type (...1-1-1) held that the first moment of certain coefficients of the interactions between vehicles has to be zero. Here, we show that that does not generalize. Instead, the (necessary) condition in the cases considered is that the first moment plus a nonlinear correction term must be zero.

Thesis (M.Eng.)(Mechanical)--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Summaries in English and Afrikaans. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--Worcester Polytechnic Institute. / Keywords:Spacecraft; electric propulsion; LEO; GRACE; Drag-free. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 111-112).

Thesis (D.Tech.-Mechanical engineering)--Cape Technikon, 1997. / Includes bibliography. Also available online.

No description available.

Thesis (M.S. in Astronautical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2009. / Thesis Advisor(s): Kim, Jae Jim ; Agrawal, Brij N. "December 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 26, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Star tracker, Planar triangles, Angle method, Spherical triangle, Quaternion estimator, Least-squares (QUEST), TRIAD Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-88). Also available in print.

Thesis (M.S.)--Naval Postgraduate School, 2002. / Thesis advisor(s): Oscar Biblarz, Jose Sinibaldi. Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-69). Also available online.