abstract: Climate change has the potential to affect vegetation via changes in temperature and precipitation. In the semi-arid southwestern United States, heightened temperatures will likely lead to accelerated groundwater pumping to meet human needs, and altered storm patterns may lead to changes in flood regimes. All of these hydrologic changes have the potential to alter riparian vegetation. This research, consisting of two papers, examines relationships between hydrology and riparian vegetation along the Verde River in central Arizona, from applied and theoretical perspectives. One paper investigates how dominance of tree and shrub species and cover of certain functional groups change along hydrologic gradients. The other paper uses the Verde River flora along with that river's flood and moisture gradients to answer the question of whether functional groups can be defined universally. Drying of the Verde River would lead to a shift from cottonwood-willow streamside forest to more drought adapted desert willow or saltcedar, a decline in streamside marsh species, and decreased species richness. Effects drying will have on one dominant forest tree, velvet ash, is unclear. Increase in the frequency of large floods would potentially increase forest density and decrease average tree age and diameter. Correlations between functional traits of Verde River plants and hydrologic gradients are consistent with "leaf economics," or the axis of resource capture, use, and release, as the primary strategic trade-off for plants. This corresponds to the competitor-stress tolerator gradient in Grime's life history strategy theory. Plant height was also a strong indicator of hydrologic condition, though it is not clear from the literature if plant height is independent enough of leaf characteristics on a global scale to be considered a second axis. Though the ecohydrologic relationships are approached from different perspectives, the results of the two papers are consistent if interpreted together. The species that are currently dominant in the near-channel Verde River floodplain are tall, broad-leaf trees, and the species that are predicted to become more dominant in the case of the river drying are shorter trees or shrubs with smaller leaves. These results have implications for river and water management, as well as theoretical ecology. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Plant Biology 2011

Esse trabalho busca compreender como ocorreu a ocupação do sítio Jaguarundi, com ênfase no estudo das escolhas técnicas inseridas na confecção dos artefatos arqueológicos, da paisagem arqueológica, da dieta alimentar e do padrão de assentamento. Procura-se estudar comparativamente os dados arqueológicos, históricos e etnográficos da região de modo a elucidar sobre o processo histórico do contexto de ocupação e as dinâmicas sócio-culturais empreendidas pelas populações que ali se estabeleceram, para tanto o estudo se centrou na identificação das estruturas arqueológicas para que elas possam ser utilizadas na construção de um modelo analítico para ser empregado em futuras análises de sítios similares. / This work aimed at finding out how happened the occupation of the Jaguarundi site, with emphasis in the study of the technical choices inserted in the manufacture of the archaeological artifacts, of the archaeological landscape, of the alimentary diet ant de settlement pattern. Aiming for the comparative study of the archaeological historical e ethnological data of the region, escheating a elucidation about the historical process of the settlement context and the socio-cultural dynamics ocasionated by the established populations, for this the research centers in the identification of the archaeological structures for the construction of a analytical model for future comparative analyses in similar sites.

Submitted by Eunice Novais (enovais@uepg.br) on 2018-05-18T13:08:52Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Karine Costa.pdf: 2546855 bytes, checksum: e0764b93ebe81e98dd38e1cc5f1654d2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-18T13:08:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Karine Costa.pdf: 2546855 bytes, checksum: e0764b93ebe81e98dd38e1cc5f1654d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-01 / Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar e interpretar os parâmetros químicos e físicos, relacionados à qualidade da água do Rio Verde, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, expressando através dos Índices de Estado Trófico (IET), Índice de Qualidade da Água para Proteção da Vida Aquática (IQApva), Índice de Qualidade da Água da CETESB (IQA), do Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (IQACCME) e submetendo à Análise Multivariada. Dessa forma, espera-se ao identificar as possíveis fontes e cargas poluidoras das águas superficiais da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Verde, avaliar de que maneira os índices aplicados expressam efetivamente o impacto ocorrido. As amostras foram coletadas em 4 pontos do rio durante 12 meses. Verificou-se tendência à eutrofização apontado pelo IET, sendo a concentração de fósforo superior ao limite estabelecido pela legislação, determinante para essa situação. O IQApva indicou qualidade da água “ruim” no ponto a jusante da Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto (ETE), onde o impacto é evidente, provavelmente pelo fato da vazão do efluente estar acima da capacidade do rio em receber o aporte. Essa mesma avaliação foi dada pelo IQA-CETESB e IQA-CCME. Nos pontos 1 e 2 a qualidade da água mostrou-se “boa” segundo o IQA-CETESB, mas apenas “marginal” pelo IQA-CCME. Esse índice classificou a água coletada no Ponto 3 também como “marginal”, que para o IQA-CETESB ainda apresentava qualidade “média”. Considerou-se, neste trabalho que o IQA-CCME expressou de forma mais real o estado de conservação do rio. Através da análise multivariada, foi possível apontar que o impacto causado nos pontos 1 e 2 é praticamente somente pelas atividades agrícolas no entorno do rio, enquanto nos pontos 3 e 4, ocorre grande influência da matéria orgânica proveniente de esgotos urbanos sem o tratamento adequado e pela ETE. / The objective of this work was to evaluate and interpret the chemical and physical parameters related to the water quality of the Verde River, Ponta Grossa, Paraná State, expressing through the Trophic State Indexes (TSI), Water Quality Index for Protection of Aquatic Life, the Water Quality Index of CETESB (WQI), the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (WQI-CCME) and submitting to the Multivariate Analysis. In this way, it is expected to identify the possible sources and pollutant loads of the surface waters of the Verde river watershed, to evaluate how the applied indices effectively express the impact. Samples were collected at 4 river points for 12 months. There was a tendency for eutrophication indicated by the TSI, with the concentration of phosphorus higher than the limit established by the legislation, which is decisive for this situation. The IQApva indicated "bad" water quality at the point downstream of the Sewage Treatment Station, where the impact is evident, projected by the fact that the effluent void is above the river capacity to receive delivery. The same evaluation was given by WQI-CETESB and WQI-CCME. In points 1 and 2 a water quality is shown as "good" according to WQI-CETESB, but only "marginal" by WQI-CCME. This index classified the water collected in Point 3 as "marginal", which for the WQI-CETESB still had "medium" quality. It was considered in this work that the WQI-CCME expressed in a more real way the state of conservation of the river. Through the multivariate analysis, it was possible to indicate that the impact caused in points 1 and 2 is practically only for the agricultural activities in the surroundings of the river, whereas in points 3 and 4, there is a great influence of the organic matter coming from urban sewage without adequate treatment and by the ETE.

Esse trabalho busca compreender como ocorreu a ocupação do sítio Jaguarundi, com ênfase no estudo das escolhas técnicas inseridas na confecção dos artefatos arqueológicos, da paisagem arqueológica, da dieta alimentar e do padrão de assentamento. Procura-se estudar comparativamente os dados arqueológicos, históricos e etnográficos da região de modo a elucidar sobre o processo histórico do contexto de ocupação e as dinâmicas sócio-culturais empreendidas pelas populações que ali se estabeleceram, para tanto o estudo se centrou na identificação das estruturas arqueológicas para que elas possam ser utilizadas na construção de um modelo analítico para ser empregado em futuras análises de sítios similares. / This work aimed at finding out how happened the occupation of the Jaguarundi site, with emphasis in the study of the technical choices inserted in the manufacture of the archaeological artifacts, of the archaeological landscape, of the alimentary diet ant de settlement pattern. Aiming for the comparative study of the archaeological historical e ethnological data of the region, escheating a elucidation about the historical process of the settlement context and the socio-cultural dynamics ocasionated by the established populations, for this the research centers in the identification of the archaeological structures for the construction of a analytical model for future comparative analyses in similar sites.