En France, le gisement de déchets bois produits au sein des entreprises de première et seconde transformations est estimé à environ douze millions de tonnes par an. Soixante pourcent de ces déchets proviennent essentiellement des scieries sous forme de sciure, de copeaux de bois. Actuellement, il existe différentes filières de valorisation de ces déchets plus ou moins nocives à l'environnement. Un nouvel enjeu est donc de trouver des voies et moyens permettant une valorisation durable et conséquente de ces déchets. Dans ce contexte, la région Nord-Pas-de-Calais a initié un projet visant à la valorisation de ces déchets en élaborant de nouveaux matériaux de construction à base de sous-produits bois. Les objectifs de ce travail de thèse sont de développer des composites à base de pâte cimentaire et de sciure de bois issus de l'essence de Peuplier. Ces composites sont destinés à être utilisés comme éléments de maçonneries porteuses et sont assujettis à des critères de résistances mécaniques fixés par la norme française. La caractérisation de l'influence de la sciure sur les propriétés mécaniques, rhéologiques et physico-chimiques d'un mortier a été effectuée en substituant le sable par de la sciure à des taux variant de 10 à 100\%. Les résultats obtenus ont montré une perte de résistance mécanique avec l'augmentation du volume de bois dans le mélange due à des phénomènes chimiques et physiques. Néanmoins les résistances obtenues pour des taux de substitutions importants (50 à 60\%) restaient conformes à la norme. Ces résultats ont conduit à l'optimisation d'une formulation de mortier de bois extrudable à l'aide d'une extrudeuse à piston. Afin d'appliquer le développement de ces composites à l'échelle industrielle, la sciure de bois a été introduite dans une formulation de micro-béton servant à la production de blocs de béton industriels mis en forme par vibrocompactage. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que jusqu'à 50 \% de substitution du sable par la sciure, les résistances mécaniques étaient conformes. La caractérisation thermique des blocs a montré une capacité isolant intéressante. / In France, the waste wood deposit product in companies of first and second transformation is estimated at about twelve million tons per year. 60\% of this waste comes mainly from mills in the form of sawdust and wood chips. There are many methods of recovery of such waste, which in turn causes environmental problems through the use of products harmful to the environment. A new challenge is to find ways and means to sustainable and consistent recovery of such waste. A new challenge is to find ways and means to sustainable and consistent recovery of such waste. The recovery of such waste in construction materials could be a sustainable solution. In this context, the Nord-Pas-de-Calais Council initiated a project for the recovery of such wastes by developing new building materials from wood byproducts. This thesis has been intended to develop biocomposites based on cement paste and sawdust resulting from Poplar species. These biocomposites are designed for be used as part-bearing masonry and are subject to mechanical strength criteria set by the French standard. The study of the influence of sawdust on the mechanical, rheological and physico-chemical of a mortar was performed by replacing the sand by sawdust at rates ranging from 10 to 100 \%. The results obtained showed a loss of mechanical strength with increasing volume of wood in the mixture generated by chemical phenomena. However the compressive strength obtained for significant substitution rate (50 to 60\%) were in accordance with the French standard. These results led to the optimization of a wood mortar formulation met can be extruded using a ram extruder. In order to apply the development of these biocomposites in an industrial scale, the sawdust was introduced into a formulation of micro-concrete used in the production of industrial concrete blocks manufactured by vibro-compaction. The results showed that up to 50\% of substitution of sand by the sawdust, the mechanical properties were compliant. The thermal characterization of the blocks showed an interesting insulation capacity.

Stone column treatment is commonly used to mitigate liquefaction hazard in sandy soils. Research and experience indicate that this method is effective for clean sands but that it may not be effective for silts and sands with fines contents greater than 15-20%. An alternative to the stone column method involves supplementing stone column treatment with pre-fabricated vertical wick drains installed prior to the stone columns installation. Although this method is used in practice, there has not been a formal academic study of its effectiveness. This thesis evaluates seven different case histories where wick drains were used and one where wick drains were not used, for comparison purposes. The site locations varied as well as the soil properties and treatment plans. CPT testing was done at 3 sites and SPT testing was performed at the other 5 sites. CPT data were correlated to SPT data to facilitate comparisons. One of the case histories includes a unique study in which three different variations of the stone column treatment were applied at the same site, providing a direct comparison of the effectiveness of each method. A 26% area replacement ratio (Ar) with drains was determined to be more effective overall than a 26% Ar without drains and more effective in increasing low initial blow counts than the 34% Ar without drains. The areas with drains were more likely to exceed the minimum project criteria consistently throughout the site. Significant scatter were observed in the results and probable causes for the scatter are noted. Final blow count coefficients of variation ranged from 28% to 77%. Increased fines contents required increased Ar in order to maintain similar average final blow counts. Site improvements were evaluated separately and collectively. Individual site results were compared to clean sand curves developed by Baez (1995). Sites with average fines contents less than 20% which were improved using drains and an 11-15% Ar treatment were comparable to clean sand sites without drains and with 5-10% Ar. To achieve similar improvement at sites with 40-46% fines necessitated drains and Ar values of 23-26%. Design recommendations are provided.