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Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:44:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_mirihan_gamarra_flores.pdf: 1359957 bytes, checksum: 3f28e5648b0d33ac021d0f2182b2161a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-17 / Dada la importancia económica y social del cultivo del haba (Vicia faba L.) en la sierra del Perú, se ha planteado como objetivo evaluar el sistema de producción de semilla de haba a través de la calidad de semillas. Se utilizaron catorce lotes de semillas de haba de diferentes clases y categorías, producidas por el INIA y agricultores y cosechadas en 2006 y 2007, además de una muestra de semillas con tegumento manchado y una muestra de semillas que se destinaron como grano para consumo. Se realizaron diferentes pruebas de vigor basados en la evaluación de plántulas. La prueba del porcentaje de emergencia de plántulas no ha diferenciado la calidad fisiológica de las semillas con referencia a tamaño de semillas, pero sí con referencia a lotes. Las pruebas que permitieron diferenciar la calidad fisiológica de semillas por tamaño de grano fueron la velocidad de emergencia y el índice de velocidad de emergencia, Las semillas de tamaño mediano, con calibre de 16 a 21semillas/onza, han demostrado una mayor velocidad de emergencia que las semillas de tamaño grande, con calibre de 12 a 15semillas/onza. El peso total de plántulas frescas ha diferenciado el vigor de los lotes de semilla de acuerdo a sus clases y categorías. La calidad de los lotes de semillas evaluadas cumple con los requisitos establecidos por las normas vigentes. Las semillas consideradas de consumo, muestran características de vigor y de crecimiento iguales a los observados en las diferentes clases y categorías de semillas evaluadas, los criterios actuales para selección de semillas deberán reconsiderarse, ya que se determinó que las semillas de tamaño grande y mediano tienen similar calidad fisiológica y no deberían ser comercializadas para consumo, considerando que el 52% de la producción total de semilleros básicos producidos por el INIA han sido destinados como grano de consumo. Los índices de rentabilidad obtenidos por los agricultores por la venta de semilla clase común, podrían ser mayores si optaran el registro de los campos semilleros para comercializar la semilla producida en la clase certificada, por lo cual se requiere mejorar el sistema de cosecha y pos cosecha, así como implementar mecanismos adecuados que faciliten el correcto registro y adecuada comercialización de la semilla de calidad, a fin de asegurar el desarrollo de la producción de haba. / Tendo em conta a importância econômica social da cultura do fava (Vicia faba L.) na serra do Perú, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o sistema de produção de sementes de fava pela determinação da qualidade das sementes. Foram utilizadas quatorze lotes de sementes de diferentes classes e categorias, produzidas por INIA e agricultores, nas safras 2006 e 2007, junto com uma amostra de sementes com tegumento manchado e uma amostra de grãos para consumo. Foram utilizadas vários testes de vigor baseados na avaliação das plântulas. Usando o teste de emergência de plântulas não foi possivel diferenciar a qualidade fisiológica dos lotes em relação ao tamanho das sementes. Os testes velocidade de emergencia e índice de velocidade de emergência resultaram úteis para distinguir a qualidade fisiológica das sementes por tamanho de grão. As sementes de tamanho médios, calibre de 16 21 sementes/onça, mostraram maiores velocidades de emergencia do que as sementes de tamanho grande, calibre 12-15 sementes/onça. O peso total de plántulas frescas permite diferenciar o vigor das sementes de acordo com as suas classes e categorias. A qualidade dos lotes de sementes estudados cumprem com as exigências previstas nas normas vigentes. As sementes consideradas para consumo representadas no estudo pela amostra de grãos para consumo possuem características de vigor e crescimento similares aos, observados nas diferentes classes e categorías de sementes avaliadas no estudo. Em consideração aos resultados, os atuais critérios de seleção de sementes devem ser reconsiderados, em vista que sementes de tamanho medio têm boa qualidade fisiológica e não devem ser destinados ao consumo. Aliás considerando que o 52% da produção total de sementes básicas produzidas pelo INIA no 2007 foram descartadas e destinados ao consumo. Os índices de rentabilidade obtidos pelos agricultores pela venda de sementes classe comum podem ser maiores se optarem pelo registro dos campos de produção de sementes, pelo cual, requer-se uma melhoria do sistema de colheita e pós-colheita de sementes de fava, e estabelecer mecanismos adequados para o registro e comércio de sementes de boa qualidade, para garantir o desenvolvimento da produção.

Memoria para optar al título profesional de: Ingeniero Agrónomo

Brassinosteroids are plant hormones which are also known for their pleiotropic effects on plants exposed to various biotic and abiotic stress factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of 10-8 M 24-epibrassinolide in Zea mays L. and Vicia faba L., grown under conditions of drought stress (6, 10, 14, 18 days) with an emphasis on different answer to their drought sensitive and resistant genotypes. Net photosynthetic rate (PN) and transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs), osmotic potential (ψs), proline (Pro) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content and membrane injury index (MI) were measured in stressed plants and plants grown under controlled conditions. The most important factor influencing these parameters was drought, which led to a gradual decrease of PN, E, gs, ψs and increase of Pro, MDA a MI. The effect of 24-epibrassinolid was significant rather exceptionally and in these cases, more pronounced response was observed in drought stressed plants compared with plants grown under controlled conditions. Plants showed intraspecific variability in their reactions, which in sensitive and tolerant genotypes were not clear and differed depending on the studied parameters and conditions of plant cultivation.

Knowledge of physiological and morfological mechanisms which are related to drought tolerance is essential in breeding high-yielding and tolerant plants, which would not suffer unfavourable environmental conditions. Drought stress can lead to oxidative damage which causes serious disorders in physiological and biochemical processes in plant cells. Antioxidants can reduce those negative effects. Morphological (dry mass of shoot and roots, height of shoot, number of leaves), physiological (photosynthetic efficiency, pigment content, relative water content-RWC) and antioxidative (catalase-CAT, ascorbate peroxidase-APX, proline) parameters were evaluated in this study using two genotypes of Vicia faba L. differing in drought susceptibility. Drought resistant (Merkur) and sensitive (Piešťanský) genotypes were exposed to 10 days of drought. Activity of CAT and APX of stressed plants rather decreased. Proline content oscillated and no evident trend or significant differences were observed in relation to drought stress. Decrease in RWC was expressed more at susceptible plants, electron-transport chain activity and pigment content were not affected much by drought. Drought susceptible genotype expressed more serious negative effects of drought in morphological parameters, however this genotype was a bit bigger than...

This diploma work was assessed effects of different seed treatment (untreated flour from whole seed, flour from the uterus after soaking seeds, flour from the seeds sprouted cotyledon) by three species of legumes (Pisum sativum conv. Sativum L., Vicia faba L., Lupinus angustifolius L.) yield and composition of protein isolate obtained by isoelectric precipitation. It was found that the seeds of change most affects yield precipitated N (mg) and 45%. When determining the value of the yield of protein was affected by significant interactions (treatment and the type of legume seeds). The largest share was, however, precipitate in untreated and germinated lupine seeds, in which values are around 57%. Furthermore, the thesis was to reverse the precipitation of proteins, using which we obtained protein concentrates from different species of legumes. The yields of protein concentrates reach values in the range of 60-80%. Spectra of soluble proteins is clearly visible high concentration of isolated proteins. Variation of sprouted seeds and soaked that occurred during treatment of seeds for the collapse of proteins with higher molecular weight. Furthermore, these grafts are transferred protein extraction at pH 9.0 in the later produced protein isolates. After acid precipitation is observed on a spectrum that is re-soluble protein isolates.

The aim of the diploma thesis was to assess changes in pattern of legume storage proteins during germination. Four species of legumes were chosen for analyses ? Glycine max L., Lupinus angustifolius L., Pisum sativum L. and Vicia faba L. Seeds for analyses were sampled at the beginning, middle and end of germination. Proteins were extracted from lyophilised and homogenised material. These proteins were analysed by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. The results proved that during seed germination the seed storage proteins cleave into smaller peptides, which forms new proteins. The intensity of protein bands in pea seeds was decreased in the area at around 48-45 kda and 40-36 kDa and the intensity of the proteins bands was increased at around the protein bands 25-23 kDa and 19-7 kDa. In lupine were not detected the protein bands over 39 kDa and during germination amount of protein bands in areas 15-7 kDa was increased

This work monitors the response of plants to water deficit and subsequent restoration of water availability with the aim to expand our knowledge about plant behaviour during and after drought stress from the perspective of two plant species with a different type of photosynthesis. A particular attention was paid to the intraspecific differences and their possible changes during stress and post-stress periods. The plant response was monitored as the changes of selected photosynthetic, morphological and developmental characteristics caused by the cessation of watering for six days followed by a six-day period of renewed optimal water supply. The experiments were carried out on plants with different types of photosynthesis - C3 plant Vicia faba L and C4 plant Zea mays L.; for both plant species, three varieties / genotypes were monitored. The response of both plant species to insufficient water supply differed by the extent of changes in relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, the dry mass of individual leaves (developed during the stress period), the ratio between the aboveground dry mass and dry mass of roots. In drought-stressed plants, downward trend in RWC was observed, as well as the increase of the minimum yield of chlorophyll fluorescence in dark-adapted leaves (F ),...

This work monitors the response of plants to the application of a solution of synthetic brassinosteroid (5-fluor-3α,17β-dihydroxy-5α-pregnan-6-on) under drought stress conditions and subsequent restoration of water availability. The response of two plant species was monitored under six-day period of cessation of watering and under six-day period of renewed optimal water supply. The experiments were carried out on plants with different type of photosynthesis - C3 plant Vicia faba L. and C4 plant Zea mays L.. For both plant species, three varieties/genotypes were used. Photosynthetic, morphological and developmental characteristics were monitored. The brassinosteroid treatment influenced more the morphological than the photosynthetic characteristics. The content of photosynthetic pigments was influenced more than the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. The differences in morphological characteristics between individual varieties/genotypes were observed. The response to the application of brassinosteroid was observed especially for drought-sensitive variety/genotype. Application of brassinosteroid caused increase of the dry mass of leaves and roots, the height to leaf , the height of the whole plant and its increment under stress and post-stress periods in both plant species. The content of...