Violence and alcohol place huge burdens on public health, affecting individuals, widersociety and public services. Many of the harms associated with violence and alcohol occur in nightlife settings and preventing these harms is a priority for the UK government. Increasingly, a public health approach to prevention is evident in both national and localpolicies and strategies. The use of data and evidence to understand the nature of the problem and to inform, target, monitor and evaluate preventive activities is fundamental to this approach. This thesis and supporting publications illustrate how my research has supported the public health approach to the prevention of violence and alcohol-related harms in nightlife and other settings. Health data, such as emergency department (ED) attendance data, has a key role to play in the public health approach to prevention. The submitted articles illustrate how I have developed the use of ED data through establishing an injury surveillance system to inform prevention policies, strategies and practice at local and national levels. My analyses have been used to: identify the extent of alcohol-related harms; inform a nightlife management strategy; target prevention activity in nightlife areas where harms were more prevalent; and monitor trends in violence and alcohol-related harms over time. Further, my work has informed national policy; the collection of enhanced ED data on the circumstances of an assault is now being promoted by the UK Government. Whilst routine data sources such as ED data can provide a vast array of intelligence onnightlife violence and alcohol-related harms they do not provide the level of detail necessary to illustrate patterns of alcohol consumption during a night out, individuals’ experience of harms that do not come to the attention of authorities, or the wide range of risk and protective factors associated with these harms. Primary research is crucial to developing this knowledge. Thus, through studies conducted in England and cross-nationally, my research has identified that nightlife settings are the scenes of excessive alcohol consumption with preloading a common feature. Subsequently, many nightlife patrons enter nightlife areas already drunk. Over-serving of alcohol to drunks is common. A range of harms are experienced by nightlife patrons including verbal and physical aggression, sexual molestation and excessive drunkenness. Both individual and environmental (i.e. venue) factors can increase the risks of nightlife patron involvement in alcohol-related harms. In the UK, the prevention of harms in nightlife settings has primarily focused on developing safe nightlife environments. Few interventions have been developed that aim to tackle the culture of drunkenness, risky drinking behaviours (e.g. preloading) and the over service of alcohol to drunks that have been evidenced in my studies. With the links between alcohol and harms, such as violence, being well established, addressing the culture of drunkenness within nightlife settings has to be a key public health priority. Both primary research and analyses of routine data sources can support this approach by identifying at-risk communities where primary prevention interventions should best be targeted.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed Feb. 6, 2008). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Virginia, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 128-135). Also available online through Digital Dissertations.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 86-90).

No description available.

Submitted by Maria Creuza Silva (mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-10-11T17:08:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Iracema Viterbo. 2013.pdf: 2656402 bytes, checksum: 4257f32ac6598f50889510713f6fed69 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Creuza Silva(mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-10-11T17:09:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Iracema Viterbo. 2013.pdf: 2656402 bytes, checksum: 4257f32ac6598f50889510713f6fed69 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-10-11T17:09:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Iracema Viterbo. 2013.pdf: 2656402 bytes, checksum: 4257f32ac6598f50889510713f6fed69 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Esta tese foi produzida a partir de dados da pesquisa “Perfil da morbidade e fatores subjacentes às licenças médicas de servidores públicos da Secretaria da Saúde do Estado da Bahia”, cujo projeto foi apoiado pela Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia – FAPESB (Edital 004/2009 de Pesquisas Prioritárias para o SUS – PPSUS). O estudo teve como principal objetivo identificar as morbidades mais prevalentes entre trabalhadores da Secretaria da Saúde do Estado da Bahia, afastados por licença médica e investigar fatores associados. Antecedendo este estudo, foi feita uma análise de dados secundários referentes aos afastamentos por licença médica dos servidores estaduais da saúde no período de 2007 a 2009, a fim de identificar as doenças mais prevalentes. A literatura consultada confirmava a elevada prevalência de algumas doenças entre os profissionais de saúde e sua relação com as condições de trabalho como as doenças osteomusculares e os transtornos mentais. Além disto, outras situações detectadas entre os trabalhadores como estresse, desgaste físico, emocional e psicológico, desistências, descrédito, sofrimento, sensação de impotência, além do número e frequência de pedidos de licença médica e afastamento do trabalho, ainda tem suas causas pouco esclarecidas. Para o desenvolvimento da presente tese foram utilizados dados primários produzidos por entrevistas a uma amostra de servidores da saúde, a fim de investigar a ocorrência da violência no local de trabalho como um dos problemas atuais que, ademais, podem influenciar a ocorrência de outros problemas de saúde dos trabalhadores. O fenômeno estudado em vários países como um fator a que estão expostos muitos profissionais, é apontado como causa de adoecimento físico e mental. Assim, foram investigadas algumas modalidades de violência, incluindo o assédio moral, cuja mensuração ainda se constitui um desafio, devido às dificuldades conceituais e semânticas do termo, especialmente no Brasil, onde outros tipos de abuso, equivocadamente, têm recebido essa denominação. Neste particular, contemplou-se a avaliação das características psicométricas de um instrumento para detecção desse tipo de violência no trabalho e, finalmente, uma investigação sobre fatores individuais e ocupacionais associados a este problema. Os resultados de caráter exploratório são apresentados em forma de três artigos, precedidos por uma introdução ao tema da violência, sua inserção nas ciências da saúde e a sua disseminação no espaço do trabalho. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados para o desenvolvimento da produção de dados também são descritos, bem como as dificuldades enfrentadas e as estratégias utilizadas para superá-las. / Salvador

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been declared a public health epidemic. Initial and annual training of healthcare providers regarding guidelines for identification and response to intimate partner violence has been mandated by the Joint Commission and endorsed by the Institute of Medicine. However, many providers/institutions lack the preparation necessary to implement such guidelines. The purpose of the feasibility study was to test the efficacy of an existing IPV training curriculum on participants’ perception of knowledge, cultural competence, confidence (self-efficacy), and attitudes related to identifying and responding to victims of IPV. A sample of convenience including twenty-three registered nurse home-visitors and one social work intern participated in the mandatory one-day training program. However, consent to enroll in the study was voluntary and indicated by completing the study instruments. Participants were asked to complete three evaluative measures: The 11-item Plunkett Demographic Questionnaire (pre-training), a 15-item Training Program Evaluation (post-training), and the 21-item Instructional Measurement Subscales across three time points (pre-Training, post-Training, and six weeks follow-up). All items were numerically coded so the higher the score, the more favorable the response. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (percentages; minimum-maximum, mean, and composite scores; standard deviations; repeated measures analysis of variance; and, paired samples dependent t tests). Four hypothesis statements were made regarding participation in the training program on IPV: “There will be an overall increase in healthcare providers’ perceived level of knowledge and cultural competence,” (hypothesis 1); “There will be an overall increase in healthcare providers’ perceived level of confidence in implementing routine enquiry,” (hypothesis 2); “There will be an overall positive change in healthcare providers’ attitudes towards routine enquiry,” (hypothesis 3); and, “There will be an overall positive change in healthcare providers’ attitudes towards victims of abuse following participation in Improving the Health Care Response to Domestic Violence,” (hypothesis 4). Findings supported previous research outcomes that presently recognized barriers to routine screening/ assessment for IPV can be overcome and positive changes can persist over time as a result of participation in a standard IPV training program. Future research involving larger, random sample populations, are needed to confirm these results.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2002. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Youth violence in the Baton Rouge inner-city area continues to create heightened concerns for the communities as well as the financial and healthcare systems. Even though violence prevention programs are in place in the area, no decline has been recorded in those who are being affected by violence. Due to lack of research in this field, a need for a sound research study exists to understand how Youth Peace Olympics (YPO) community-based program may be related to changes in attitudes about aggression and violence. A correlational cross-sectional research design was used to evaluate participants' beliefs about aggression, measured using the Normative Beliefs about Aggression instrument by the organization at the beginning and end of the summer program, in addition to secondary data that was provided to me (n=50). Social cognitive theory and the social development model were used as the theoretical framework for the study. Results showed a statistically significant decrease in retaliation approval of aggression scores (pretest M = 2.24, posttest M = 1.91; t[49] = 4.07, p =.000) and marginal statistically significant decrease in general approval of aggression scores (pretest M = 1.48, posttest M = 1.31; t[49] = 1.96, p = .055). Age, gender, and ethnicity were not found to be related to pretest attitudes or pretest/posttest changes in attitudes regarding retaliation approval or general approval of aggression at statistically significant levels. The potential for positive social change is to provide researchers and community-level stakeholders with preliminary program evaluation data related to attitudes about aggression/violence approval.

In the United States Armed Forces, 30% of women in the military suffer physical assault each year; in 2009, there were 22 reported cases of sexual assault in the U.S. Central Command. Aggravated assault, gang violence, sexual assault, homicide, and suicide can damage the morale of military personnel at a deployed site and collectively cost millions of dollars over time. Interpersonal violence in the United States military is destructive to the military system and directly diminishes mission readiness. This study was designed to illuminate the environmental, cultural, and political influences that affect interpersonal safety among military women in the deployed environment of Afghanistan with the goal of discovering mechanisms to improve interpersonal safety for that population. Grounded theory was used to analyze data obtained from U.S. military women in Bagram, Afghanistan and their environment concerning interpersonal safety. This information was used to generate a relational social theory based on themes, patterns, and relationships; the theory of US Military Interpersonal Safety, Violence Prevention, and Response. This theory is intended to improve interpersonal safety as well as prevent and counter violence in the deployed setting. Applying this theory is expected to promote better assessment, development, implementation, and evaluation of violence prevention and response healthcare programs meant to mitigate violence and assist military members who have been victims of violence. This study promotes positive social change by identifying precursors of interpersonal violence in a deployed environment and creating a strong foundation for understanding how to prevent interpersonal violence and create response programs to address this issue.