M.S.

The purpose of this study was to examine the career orientations of women employed at lower levels of an organizational hierarchy in occupations not usually considered professions. Career orientations are constructs for those values, attitudes and motivations inside the person which develop through accumulated work experience, and which serve to guide, constrain, stabilize and integrate the person's career. According to the career anchor/career orientation model of adult career development, an individual's career orientation greatly affects the career decisions that person makes. Individuals’ career orientations have been hypothesized to influence their willingness to participate in specific career development activities. The sample for this study was 156 women employed at Virginia Tech who had participated in the University's Employee Career Development Program between 1980 and 1988. Career orientations of these women were identified using Derr's (1986) Career Success Map Questionnaire. The women also completed a survey which provided demographic information and required them to rank specific career development activities according to their personal preferences. Selected women from each career orientation identified by Derr's (1986) Career Success Map Questionnaire were interviewed and questioned about their values, attitudes and motivations toward work. Inferential statistics were used to determine that the career orientations Derr's Career Success Map Questionnaire identified these women as having, were not differentiated by their: (a) ages; (b) years in the paid work force; (c) education levels; or (d) occupations. Nor did career orientations identified for these women by Derr's Career Success Map Questionnaire differentiate their preferences for specific career development activities. Structured interviews with selected women having different high intensity career orientations identified by Derr's (1986) Career Success Map Questionnaire did not indicate distinct differences in their attitudes, values and motivations toward work. Structured interviews with these women indicated they may have career orientations other than those identified by the Career Success Map Questionnaire. It was hypothesized some of these career orientations might include: (a) a family orientation; (b) a service orientation; (c) a variety orientation; (d) a creative orientation; (e) a technical competence orientation; and (f) a social/religious orientation. / Ed. D.

My efforts to discover a means of making a more effective sculpture led me to pursue architecture. The problem with sculpture as I saw it was that it had been deformed over time from that which marked a place into a placeless isolate. Just as I worked against that placeless isolate in sculpture, so am I now working against the placeless isolate in architecture. The aspects of architecture, the site, the plan, elements and materials, although acting phenomenally in conjunction with other coexisting elements, are often conceived as isolates. In order to elucidate the interrelation between these aspects at different scales, I turned to the work of the Poststructuralists such as Jacques Derrida, Roland Barthes, et al. They outline a deconstructive critical approach to linguistic/literary meaning, which I have used as a model for understanding the language of architecture. Architecture comes into being at the convergence of orders, when ordered and coherent human actions (institutions) take place in a locus or place which has been made architectonic. I am for an interrelational and interactive architecture, one which maintains a critical stance vis a vis its locus, its purposes, and its elements and materials. This is not a disassociated and detached abstract "ideal," but a self-conscious choice, made in conviction and commitment to a coherent and dignified order to human existence. The design project is an effort to make some of these thoughts operational. The proposal is for a University Museum at the parking lot at the northwest edge of the VPI Campus. The project begins with an analysis and critique of the current placeless condition of the site. The site is restructured with respect to the latent campus structure, which is itself clarified. The Museum building becomes the focal point of a new axis relating the site and the Campus. The site becomes a boundary for the Campus and promotes the growth of a coherent campus plan. / Master of Architecture

The thesis reports an investigation of 1060 freshman admissions to Virginia Polytechnic Institute in fall, 1961. Multiple regression methods were used to produce equations linking college performance with high school rank and College Board verbal and mathematical scores. Analyses were done for males and females, civilians and cadets. The three predictors accounted for only 34 percent of the variation in first year QCA among males. High school rank contributed most to the prediction; verbal score was found to be a very poor predictor. Predictions were more reliable for accumulative year performance than for first quarter only. Prediction error is discussed and expectancy tables constructed. Actual and predicted quality credit averages were used to investigate subgroups of the sample. Differences were found between civilians and cadets, Virginians and Out Of-Staters. Cooperative, drop-out, and trial summer school groups all had distinct characteristics. Curriculum groups differed widely in actual performance, but in most cases, corresponded to prediction. Exceptions are discussed. The same data was subjected to discriminant analysis, using two extra variables, civilian or cadet status, and Virginia or Out Of-State school. The function divided students by a predicted QCA of 1.000, with 28 percent probability of misclassification. Rank alone was found to be more effective in prediction than verbal and mathematical scores combined. Results of investigation into subgroups using discriminant predictions agreed with regression findings, with different exceptions to curriculum non-significance. Prediction is advised by regression rather than by discriminant analysis, but the present results are not recommended for future application, for reasons discussed. / Master of Science

Once a reactor is critical and at a constant power level, the net reactivity at any time is zero. The major contributions to changes of reactivity in the V.P.I. Argonaut reactor are: 1) Fuel and coolant temperature changes 2) Graphite temperature changes 3) Xenon poisoning The control rods have to be continuously positioned so that the total reactivity change of these parameters is nullified. The reactivity effects of the fuel and coolant have been combined into one temperature coefficient because for this investigation they are assumed to have simultaneous temperature changes. An experiment was conducted to measure the temperature coefficient of fuel and coolant which was found to be negative. The temperature coefficient for graphite was measured by installing heaters in two graphite blocks which were placed in the core. This experiment showed the reactivity effect of the graphite to be positive. The reactivity effect due to xenon poisoning was calculated using the xenon-iodine equations. The results of these experiments and calculations were used to predict the position of the control rods during long power operation. The predicted position was in good agreement with the actual position. / Master of Science

Problem The problem for this study was to determine the occupations entered by graduates of the agricultural education department at Virginia Polytechnic Institute from 1959-1969, their advancements, and the effectiveness of their training. Purposes The specific purposes of the study were to determine: the employment record of the graduates, their mobility, the effectiveness of their training, their financial advancement, their educational advancement, and certain of their other achievements. Method The study was based on data secured by mailing a questionnaire to the 245 graduates. The questionnaire was completed and returned by 179 (73.l percent) of the graduates. Findings There were 134 (74.9 percent) of the reporting graduates who began employment in the agricultural education field. In 1970 there were 96 (53.6 percent) of the reporting graduates who were still employed in the agricultural education field. The 104 (58.l percent) of the graduates who reported that they had changed occupations listed 39 reasons for changing occupations. The graduates reported a need for more courses in business and management. The graduates also reported a need for more training in the specialized areas of the agricultural education curriculum. The average beginning salary for the reporting graduates was $5,650.00. The average 1970 salary was $9,439.00. There were 41 (22.9 percent) of the graduates who held advanced degrees beyond the Bachelor of Science degree. There were 110 (61.5 percent) of the graduates who reported special achievements. / Master of Science

A pathway to go from the profane to a village of higher aspirations. A House of Visual Arts and an existing school of architecture flank the pathway as the realm of the mundane is received into the world of the sublime. Rows of trees define streams of space flowing into a reservoir of space, gateways marking the points of transition. From the reservoir, these gateways frame the distant mountains giving the urban room a location. The room itself is essentially empty, for it is hardly a statement but, rather, the preparation for one. The room is for the life of the academic village. Giving order where disorder reigned, providing clarity where ambiguity prevailed, bringing unity where discord was the norm, furnishing hierarchy, meaning, moments of movement and pause, MAKING A PLACE. / Master of Architecture

In the school there is meeting. If you thought of the nature of a school, you would never have a corridor in a school. You would have a hall in a school. Where it is a meeting place for people not in any way obligated to each other, have no source of being judged. And it becomes in a way the student's classroom. The corridor can never aspire to be a hall. But the hall can aspire to be of such importance equal to that of the library which is probably the most important part of school. Because the book is an offering...offerings of the mind. / Master of Architecture

This investigation was conducted to determine the indicated annual savings which could be expected from the proposed installation of a 5000 Kw turbo-generator unit in the Virginia Polytechnic Institute Heating and Power Plant. These savings were determined by comparing three proposed plans of generating or purchasing electric power while supplying the college with steam. The daily log sheets and flow meter charts of the plant were used to determine the electric load curves and the steam demand curves for the year 1952. These curves were projected into the future to include the years, 1956, 1957, 1958, and 1959. These curves, together with performance curves for a 5000 Kw three stage extraction condensing turbo-generator were used in the investigation. The average outdoor temperature days were grouped in 5°F increments from 20°F through 70°F. A set of four daily load curves was plotted for each 5°F increment. Curve No. 1 shows the total electric load on the system. Curve No. 2 shows the steam demand on the plant when the proposed 5000 Kw three stage extraction condensing turbo-generator is carrying the total electric load while extracting the heating and process steam. Curve No. 3 shows the electric power that the proposed 5000 Kw two stage extraction back pressure turbo-generator would generate while meeting the heating and process steam demand. Curve No. 4 shows the total heating and process steam demand. The area under curve No.1 represents the total electric load in kilowatt-hours on the system for a day. The area under curve No. 4 represents the total heating and process steam demand in pounds for a day. The daily cost of plan No. 1 was obtained by multiplying these areas by their respective scale constants and then adding these products. The area under curve No. 3 and under curve No. 1 where curve No. 1 is below curve No. 3 represents the electric power in kilowatt-hours that could be generated by the proposed back-pressure unit. The daily saving of plan No. 2 was determined by multiplying this area by its scale constant. The daily cost of plan No. 2 was obtained by subtracting this saving from the daily cost of plan No. 1. The area under curve No. 2 and curve No. 4 where curve No. 4 is above curve No. 2 represents the steam demand in pounds for a day of the condensing unit carrying total electric load while extracting the heating and process steam. The daily cost of plan No. 3 was obtained by multiplying this area by its scale constant. The daily saving obtained by using the extraction condensing turbine over the plan of purchasing all the electric power was determined by subtracting the daily cost of plan No. 3 from that of plan No. 1. The daily saving obtained by using the extraction condensing turbine over the back-pressure turbine was determined by subtracting the daily cost of plan No. 3 from that of plan No. 2. The yearly costs and savings were determined by multiplying the daily costs and savings by the number of days in each group of average outdoor temperature days and adding these products. The expected yearly saving of plan No. 3 over plan No. 1 for 1956 would be $137,400.00, for 1957, $147,600.00; for 1958, $158,000.00 and for 1959, $171,300.00. The expected yearly saving of plan No. 3 over plan No. 2 for 1956 would be $64,300.00; for 1957, $73,200.00; for 1958, $79,900.00 and for 1959, $93,300.00. / Master of Science

This investigation was conducted to determine the indicated average heating season saving which could be expected from several different size turbines with different throttle conditions and varying stages of feedwater heating when operating in the Virginia Polytechnic Institute Central Heating and Power Plant. Such a saving in cost of power produced locally is possible because of the higher cost of power when purchased from the Appalachian Electric and Power Company. This investigation covers the heating season of 1966-1967, and assumes that the present turbo-generators will not be in use at that time. The electric load and steam demand load for the average heating season day of 1952-1953 were taken from existing records and were projected into the future to the heating season of 1966-1967. Two values were used as factors to project the steam demand into the future because of the uncertainty of the future college expansion. From this data electric load versus time curves and steam demand versus time curves were plotted for the average heating season day. This information, together with steam rates and exhaust rates for one, two, and three stage feedwater heating cycles for each proposed turbo-generator unit was used. Four curves were plotted for each throttle condition for the average heating season day in order to determine the kilowatt hours which could be generated by each proposed unit of sufficient size to supply the expected future steam demand. These curves were: Curve No. 1, the expected total electric load; Curve No. 2, the expected electric power generated by the proposed unit with one stage feedwater heating; Curve No. 3, the expected electric power generated by the proposed unit with two stage feedwater heating; Curve No. 4, the expected electric power generated by the proposed unit with three stage feedwater heating. The areas under curves two, three, and four represent the kilowatt hours which could be generated by the proposed unit supplying the expected steam demand. The value of these areas in terms of dollars saved was determined by multiplying the areas, in square inches, by a scale constant, 1000 Kw-hrs per square inch, and by $0.008 per Kw-hr minus the fuel cost per Kw-hr. The value $0.008 is the minimum rate of energy paid by the college for purchased power from the Appalachian Electric Power Company. The resulting figure represented the average daily saving for the heating season. This figure was used to calculate the total saving for the heating season. The indicated savings which might be expected for the heating season of 1966-1967 ranged from $89,000.00 for a throttle condition of 250 psig. and 500 F and a 3750 Kw unit with one stage feedwater heating to $249,480.00 for a throttle condition of 1200 psig. and 950 F and a 9375 Kw unit with one stage feedwater heating. The results for each throttle condition and turbine with varying heater stages are tabulated in part C of the investigation / Master of Science