Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Geociências, Pós-Graduação em Geologia, 2015. / Submitted by Fernanda Percia França (fernandafranca@bce.unb.br) on 2016-02-25T11:38:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_FelipeValençadeOliveira.pdf: 5245176 bytes, checksum: 5a982ddd156db28d4bed918c900158db (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Guimaraes Jacqueline(jacqueline.guimaraes@bce.unb.br) on 2016-02-25T11:51:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_FelipeValençadeOliveira.pdf: 5245176 bytes, checksum: 5a982ddd156db28d4bed918c900158db (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-25T11:51:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_FelipeValençadeOliveira.pdf: 5245176 bytes, checksum: 5a982ddd156db28d4bed918c900158db (MD5) / A análise de isótopos de U-Pb por Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) se popularizou nas geociências em função do seu custo relativamente baixo, da razoável precisão obtida e da velocidade com que os dados podem ser gerados. Para estudos que requerem grande quantidade de idades, como na análise de proveniência de bacias sedimentares, esse método mostra-se muito vantajoso. Entretanto, essa mesma velocidade de análise é acompanhada por um grande volume de dados a serem reduzidos. O projeto aqui descrito teve como objetivo o emprego de métodos computacionais na automação do processo de redução de dados. Utilizando a linguagem Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), intrinsecamente relacionada ao Microsoft Excel, todo as etapas de redução foram incluídas em único programa: Chronus. Por meio desse programa é possível escolher os parâmetros pertinentes à redução (tipo de detectores, padrões analisados, método de propagação de incertezas, etc.), importar os dados brutos automaticamente, corrigir o branco do método, corrigir as razões das amostras usando os padrões e finalmente calcular as incertezas. O Chronus cria um arquivo no formato excel com diferentes planilhas, nas quais são guardadas as confingurações escolhidas, as informações de cada etapa da redução e os resultados. A capacidade do Chronus para redução de dados U-Pb por LA-ICPMS foi testada usando análises dos padrões de zircão 91500 (1065 Ma, Wiedenbeck et al., 1995) e Plešovice (337 Ma, Sláma et al., 2008), tomando o zircão GJ-1 (608 Ma, Jackson et al., 2004) como padrão primário. A propagação das incertezas do GJ-1 nas análises foi feita de duas maneiras: considerando as incertezas das análises antes e depois das amostras ou usando o Mean Square of the Weighted Deviates (MSWD) das razões de interesse do padrão. A redução de um grande número de amostras permitiu a observação de intensidades não esperadas da massa 202. Esse fenômeno foi observado também especificamente nas análises dos padrões citados anteriormente. Há uma aparente relação entre o conteúdo de Elementos Terras Raras (ETR) dos zircões com as intensidades da massa 202, talvez devido à formação de óxidos de ETR durante o carreamento do material proveniente da câmara de ablação para os detectores. / The U-Pb analysis by Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) became popular in geosciences due to its low cost, reasonable precision and rapid analysis. For studies that require a large number of ages, like in sediment provenance studies, this method is advantageous. Although, the high analysis speed is also followed by a big volume of data to be reduced. The project described in this dissertation had the objective to use computational methods to automatize the data reduction process. Using the Visual Basic for Applications programming language, which is intrinsically related to Microsoft Excel, all data reducing steps were included in a single program: Chronus. By using this program it is possible to choose the analyses’ settings (the type of collectors, the analyzed standards, the error propagation method, etc.), automatically import the raw data, subtract the signal of the blank from the samples, correct the samples’ ratios based on the standards’ analyses and calculate the uncertainties. Chronus creates a Excel spreadsheet with many sheets where the settings, the information of each step of data reduction and the results are stored. The capacity of Chronus to reduce U-Pb data obtained by LA-ICPMS was tested using analyses of the 91500 (1065 Ma, Wiedenbeck et al., 1995) and Plešovice (337 Ma, Sláma et al., 2008) zircon standards, using the GJ-1 standard (608 Ma, Jackson et al., 2004) as primary standard. Propagation of the GJ-1’s uncertainties into analyses was done by two different ways: taking into account the uncertainties of GJ-1’s analyses before and after the sample or using the Mean Square of the Weighted Deviates (MSWD) of the standard’s ratios. Reducing a large number of samples allowed the observation of unexpected 202 mass signal. This phenomenon was observed also in the zircon standards discussed previously. It seems to have a relationship between the zircon grains’ Rare Earth Elements (REE) contents and the 200 mass intensity. It might be due to the REE oxide formation during the material transport from the ablation chamber to the detectors.

Human disturbance as the main factor influencing the habitat of brown bear (Ursus arctos) has occurred frequently with the development of human society. How to reduce and prevent the conflict between human and brown bears is considered as an important question for brown bear conservation, management and public safety. Sånfjället National Park has one of the densest bear populations in Sweden. Many tourists are attracted to visit bears each year. Through this study, the most possibility brown bear denning habitat in Sånfjället National Park was determined by using Multi-Criteria Analysis. A customized habitat distribution map generator was programmed within the Microsoft Visual Basic® for Applications (VBA) in ArcGIS. Three themes were designed in the map generator, i.e., the human impact emphasis weighted, neutral weighted themes and customized weighted theme. Customized weighted theme was produced for user discovering denning habitat results with user-defined weights. Comparing the final maps generated from the human impact emphasis weighted and neutral weighted themes, human influence concentrated in the south area of the National Park. The trails near Sveduterget should be changed to avoid human disturbance in the bear denning period.

This graduation thesis deals with evaluation of power and coolant flow in reactor core. The first part is a description of nuclear power plant VVER 440. It is focused on parts important for transfer and utilize energy in regular operating of generating block. In the second part, the equations for calculation of power and coolant flow in reactor core are deduced. The last part is about designing the program for calculation of published values. There are specified requirements for the program and on the basis of this the source code is written. The parts of code are described. In conclusion of this part, the user's manual is work out. The program is on CD in the annexe.