Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Texas, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 86-93).

Thesis (M.S.)--Brigham Young University. Dept. of Communication Disorders, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 49-52).

Thesis (D.M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2007. / Title from PDF title page screen. Advisor: Nancy Walker; submitted to the School of Music. Includes bibliographical references (p. 84-88).

Thesis (M. Mus. (Mus. Ed.)) -- University of Sydney, 1998. / Title from title screen (viewed November 11, 2009) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Music (Music Education) to the Music Education Unit of Sydney Conservatorium of Music. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Education / Master / Master of Philosophy

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Iowa, 2008. / Thesis supervisor: Eileen M. Finnegan. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 130-133).

Thesis (Ed. D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University. / Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: Harry R. Wilson. Dissertation Committee: Arthur T. Jersild, Gladys Tipton. Bibliography: leaves 62-64.

Thesis (D.M.A.)--Rutgers University, 2010. / "Graduate Program in Music Education." Includes bibliographical references (p. 70-76).

While a limited body of research pertaining to vocal sound quality exists, technological advances in sound analyses have facilitated a reexamination of vocal timbre. The sound quality of sung vowels ([ a], [e ], C i ]) produced by ten baritone/bass singers at the University of North Texas was analyzed by the use of Fourier analysis and electronic digital equipment. This procedure and equipment produced results over a wider frequency range with greater accuracy than prior studies on vocal timbre. The study sought to answer the following questions: (1) Using formant regions between 0-20 kHz for comparison, what similarities and differences can be observed among spectra produced from [a], [e], and [ i ] vowels sung by baritone/bass singers? (2) Using formant regions between 0-20 kHz for comparison, what similarities and differences can be observed among spectra produced from [a], [ e ], and [ i ] vowels sung by baritone/bass singers with regard to individual singers? (3) Approximately what vocal-tract tube lengths were used by baritone/bass singers when performing [a], [e ], and [ i ] vowels? (4) What similarities in vocal-tract tube lengths can be generalized as to [ a], L e ], and [ i ] vowels sung by individual baritone/bass singers? The results of the study suggested that: (1) Below approximately 4 kHz formant frequency location can be generalized by a specific vowel between subjects. (2) Above 4 kHz the generalization of formant frequency location is difficult between subjects singing the same vowels, but general frequency location for formants can be identified between samples produced by the same singer performing different vowels. (3) Subjects did alter their vocal-tract lengths as different vowel sounds were performed, but no overall pattern of tube length with reference to specific vowels was indicated. (4) Each singer did use a unique vocal-tract length. The average estimated vocal-tract length for all subjects singing a specific vowel revealed little variation in tube length with an average tube length of 278.97 mm.

The purpose of the study was concerned with specific elements of the portion of the female voice commonly referred to as whistle or flute register. Three elements of vocal production were chosen for which past research has demonstrated relationships to source function. These elements included spectral characteristics, airflow rates, and perceptual identification. The research compared what the singer-subjects perceived as being whistle register phonations with that which they perceived as being head register phonations. A comparative technique was utilized where pitch, intensity and phonemic category were held relatively constant, register, therefore, being the only variable. Spectral characteristics and airflow rates of the two subject-determined registers were compared. In addition, an attempt was made to determine if the whistle register could be perceptually differentiated on the basis of voice quality,