Although Voltage Varying (VV) strategies like Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR) are widely used by utilities to reduce the overall energy consumption and peak power demand of distribution feeders, it is aberrant among industrial customers. This research proposes a Voltage Varying (VV) strategy for industrial customers that takes into account their complex characteristics and unique set of constraints. Unlike VV strategies for Local Distribution Companies (LDC), those for an industrial customers are far more complex, and require specific c load modelling and process estimation to infer the optimal operating voltage for the industrial load. The proposed VV technique referred to as Voltage Optimization (VO), is a generic and comprehensive framework that seeks to reduce the energy consumption of the industrial load vis-~a-vis the bus voltage. It utilizes a Neural Network (NN) model of the industrial load, trained using historical operating data, to estimate the real power consumption of the load, based on the bus voltage and overall plant process. This load model, is incorporated into the proposed VO model, whose objective is the minimization of the energy drawn from the substation and the switching operations of Load Tap Changers (LTC). The proposed VO framework is tested on load models developed using simulated and real data. Results suggest that the proposed technique can be successfully implemented by industrial customers or plant operators to improve their energy savings, in comparison to existing VV techniques.

Although Voltage Varying (VV) strategies like Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR) are widely used by utilities to reduce the overall energy consumption and peak power demand of distribution feeders, it is aberrant among industrial customers. This research proposes a Voltage Varying (VV) strategy for industrial customers that takes into account their complex characteristics and unique set of constraints. Unlike VV strategies for Local Distribution Companies (LDC), those for an industrial customers are far more complex, and require specific c load modelling and process estimation to infer the optimal operating voltage for the industrial load. The proposed VV technique referred to as Voltage Optimization (VO), is a generic and comprehensive framework that seeks to reduce the energy consumption of the industrial load vis-~a-vis the bus voltage. It utilizes a Neural Network (NN) model of the industrial load, trained using historical operating data, to estimate the real power consumption of the load, based on the bus voltage and overall plant process. This load model, is incorporated into the proposed VO model, whose objective is the minimization of the energy drawn from the substation and the switching operations of Load Tap Changers (LTC). The proposed VO framework is tested on load models developed using simulated and real data. Results suggest that the proposed technique can be successfully implemented by industrial customers or plant operators to improve their energy savings, in comparison to existing VV techniques.

The application of static shape control was investigated in this thesis particularly for a composite plate configuration using piezoelectric actuators. A new electro-mechanically coupled mathematical model was developed for the analysis and is based on a third order displacement field coupled with a layerwise electric potential concept. This formulation, TODL, is then implemented into a finite element program. The mathematical model represents an improvement over existing formulations used to model intelligent structures using piezoelectric materials as actuators and sensors. The reason is TODL does not only account for the electro-mechanical coupling within the adaptive material, it also accounts for the full structural coupling in the entire structure due to the piezoelectric material being attached to the host structure. The other significant improvement of TODL is that it is applicable to structures which are relatively thick whereas existing models are based on thin beam / plate theories. Consequently, transverse shearing effects are automatically accounted for in TODL and unlike first order shear deformation theories, shear correction factors are not required. The second major section of this thesis uses the TODL formulation in static shape control. Shape control is defined here as the determination of shape control parameters, including actuation voltage and actuator orientation configuration, such that the structure that is activated using these parameters will conform as close as possible to the desired shape. Several shape control strategies and consequently algorithms were developed here. Initial investigations in shape control has revealed many interesting issues which have been used in later investigations to improve shape controllability and also led to the development of improved algorithms. For instance, the use of discrete actuator patches has led to greater shape controllability and the use of slopes and curvatures as additional control criteria have resulted in significant reduction in internal stresses. The significance of optimizing actuator orientation and its relation to piezoelectric anisotropy in improving shape controllability has also been presented. Thus the major facets of shape control has been brought together and the algorithms developed here represent a comprehensive strategy to perform static shape control.

The application of static shape control was investigated in this thesis particularly for a composite plate configuration using piezoelectric actuators. A new electro-mechanically coupled mathematical model was developed for the analysis and is based on a third order displacement field coupled with a layerwise electric potential concept. This formulation, TODL, is then implemented into a finite element program. The mathematical model represents an improvement over existing formulations used to model intelligent structures using piezoelectric materials as actuators and sensors. The reason is TODL does not only account for the electro-mechanical coupling within the adaptive material, it also accounts for the full structural coupling in the entire structure due to the piezoelectric material being attached to the host structure. The other significant improvement of TODL is that it is applicable to structures which are relatively thick whereas existing models are based on thin beam / plate theories. Consequently, transverse shearing effects are automatically accounted for in TODL and unlike first order shear deformation theories, shear correction factors are not required. The second major section of this thesis uses the TODL formulation in static shape control. Shape control is defined here as the determination of shape control parameters, including actuation voltage and actuator orientation configuration, such that the structure that is activated using these parameters will conform as close as possible to the desired shape. Several shape control strategies and consequently algorithms were developed here. Initial investigations in shape control has revealed many interesting issues which have been used in later investigations to improve shape controllability and also led to the development of improved algorithms. For instance, the use of discrete actuator patches has led to greater shape controllability and the use of slopes and curvatures as additional control criteria have resulted in significant reduction in internal stresses. The significance of optimizing actuator orientation and its relation to piezoelectric anisotropy in improving shape controllability has also been presented. Thus the major facets of shape control has been brought together and the algorithms developed here represent a comprehensive strategy to perform static shape control.

This thesis deals with the possibility of using the finite elements method for the analysing of synchronous permanent magnets machines. The aim of this work is to discuss the possibility of the machine design more effectively with using the finite elements method and Maxwell software for the simulations. On the created parametric model, simulations were performed according to master thesis assignment. The aim of this work is to determine induced voltage, iron losses, machine inductances and make a permanent magnets demagnetization analysis. From simulations results the machine efficiency is calculated. The parametric model was used for the optimization of selected parameters. From results of optimization new dimensions of permanent magnets was obtained. Machine efficiency was increased by new permanent magnet material and optimized design.