Nowadays, national and international electric utilities and end users are becoming more and more concerned about the quality of the electrical power. Such concerns are related with the occurrence of electric disturbances capable to effect the operation and the life expectance of equipments and devices, as well as affecting and interrupting varied industrial processes. Of the above mentioned phenomena, short-duration voltage variations deserve special attention once they are the disturbances that cause the largest damages to the consumers. As a consequence of that, there are several devices available that minimize the effects of such disturbances on the equipments. Among those devices, the Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) represents a modern proposal for the solution of the problems caused by voltage sags and swells. In this work, three different system topologies for DVRs are analysed throughout computer implementations. Comparisons are made between these topologies, with focus on both the general performance and on the electrical power quality of the entire system. / As preocupações com os diversos assuntos relacionados à Qualidade da Energia Elétrica têm sido cada vez mais comuns às empresas de energia e aos consumidores em geral, e vêm assumindo importância destacada nos cenários nacional e internacional. Tais preocupações são voltadas para a ocorrência de distúrbios elétricos capazes de comprometer o desempenho e a vida útil de equipamentos e dispositivos, além de afetar ou interromper variados processos industriais. Desses distúrbios, as VTCDs (Variações de Tensão de Curta Duração) são consideradas as que mais causam prejuízos aos consumidores. Com isso, já existe na literatura técnica uma série de metodologias de prevenção e variados dispositivos de atenuação dos efeitos das VTCDs. Destes dispositivos, destaca-se o Restaurador Dinâmico de Tensão (DVR Dynamic Voltage Restorer) que é um compensador estático série avançado aplicado à distribuição de energia elétrica e que representa hoje o que há de mais moderno em termos de mitigação de afundamentos e elevações de tensão. O presente trabalho visa contribuir para o estudo do desempenho de algumas topologias de DVR, comparando a atuação de três opções de configuração através de simulações computacionais em plataforma SABER. A análise comparativa do desempenho das topologias não considera apenas a eficiência na compensação dos distúrbios elétricos, mas também os efeitos que causam na qualidade da tensão do sistema elétrico, sejam por injeção de harmônicos ou por oscilações transitórias. / Mestre em Ciências

Cette thèse porte sur la surveillance des perturbations de la qualité de l’énergie d’un réseau électrique via des techniques paramétriques de traitement du signal. Pour élaborer nos algorithmes de traitement du signal, nous avons traité les problèmes d’estimation des différentes grandeurs du réseau électrique triphasé et de classification des perturbations de la qualité d'énergie. Pour ce qui est du problème d’estimation, nous avons développé une technique statistique basée sur le maximum de vraisemblance. La technique proposée exploite la nature multidimensionnelle des signaux électriques. Elle utilise un algorithme d’optimisation pour minimiser la fonction de vraisemblance. L’algorithme utilisé permet d’améliorer les performances d’estimation tout en étant d’une faible complexité calculatoire en comparaison aux algorithmes classiques. Une analyse plus poussée de l’estimateur proposé a été effectuée. Plus précisément, ses performances sont évaluées sous un environnement incluant entre autres la pollution harmonique et interharmonique et le bruit. Les performances sont également comparées aux exigences de la norme IEEE C37.118.2011. La problématique de classification dans les réseaux électriques triphasés a plus particulièrement concerné les perturbations que sont les creux de tension et les surtensions. La technique de classification proposée consiste globalement en deux étapes : 1) une pré-classification du signal dans l’une des 4 préclasses établis et en 2) une classification du type de perturbation à l’aide de l’estimation des composants symétriques.Les performances du classificateur proposé ont été évaluées, entre autres, pour différentes nombre de cycles, de SNR et de THD. L’estimateur et le classificateur proposés ont été validés en simulation et en utilisant les données d’un réseau électrique réel du DOE/EPRI National Database of Power System Events. Les résultats obtenus illustrent clairement l’efficacité des algorithmes proposés quand à leur utilisation comme outil de surveillance de la qualité d’énergie. / This thesis deals with electric grid monitoring of power quality (PQ) disturbances using parametric signal processing techniques. The first contribution is devoted to the parametric spectral estimation approach for signal parameter extraction. The proposed approach exploits the multidimensional nature of the electrical signals.For spectral estimation, it uses an optimization algorithm to minimize the likelihood function. In particular, this algorithm allows to improve the estimation accuracy and has lower computational complexity than classical algorithms. An in-depth analysis of the proposed estimator has been performed. Specifically, the estimator performances are evaluated under noisy, harmonic, interharmonic, and off-nominal frequency environment. These performances are also compared with the requirements of the IEEE Standard C37.118.2011. The achieved results have shown that the proposed approach is an attractive choice for PQ measurement devices such as phasor measurement units (PMUs). The second contribution deals with the classification of power quality disturbances in three-phase power systems. Specifically, this approach focuses on voltage sag and swell signatures. The proposed classification approach is based on two main steps: 1) the signal pre-classification into one of 4 pre-classes and 2) the signature type classification using the estimate of the symmetrical components. The classifier performances have been evaluated for different data length, signal to noise ratio, interharmonic, and total harmonic distortion. The proposed estimator and classifier are validated using real power system data obtained from the DOE/EPRI National Database of Power System Events. The achieved simulations and experimental results clearly illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques for PQ monitoring purpose.