The suitability of aquaculture for inland water bodies in the State of Yucatan, a karstic area of southeast Mexico was investigated. Five types of water bodies distinct in morphometric and hydrological characteristics were identified through land-based surveys. Representative sites for each were selected for further study: a sinkhole, a permanent aguada (clogged sinkhole), a rain-filled seasonal pond, a small <1 ha) gravel quarry and a large (>9 ha) gravel quarry. The water quality in all of the sites had a high pH (range 7.2-9.4) alkalinity (range 130-840 mg/l CaC03) and hardness (range 198-998mg CaC03). Their nutrient status varied from the permanently stratified and hypereutrophic conditions in the permanent aguada, to oligotrophic conditions in gravel quarries. In general, the water quality resulted adequate for fish culture in the gravel quarries, the sinkhole and in the seasonal pond, but ecological considerations prevented sinkholes for aquaculture development. Aquaculture trials involving the stocking of fry of the native cichlid Cichlasoma urophthalmus and O. niloticus in seasonal ponds and a small gravel quarry demonstrated the feasibility of neglected water bodies for small-scale aquaculture. A net yield of 180 Kg/ha/6 months was obtained from a gravel quarry fertilised with grass Panicum virgatum and stocked with C. urophthalmus. Yields from seasonal ponds were 157Kg/ha of O. niloticus from a small (0.010 ha), and 30 kg/ha of C. urophthalmus from a large (1.11 ha) seasonal pond (no fertilisation or feeding. An environmental impact assessment was carried out at an experimental cage site in gravel quarry. An estimated 0.02 kg of phosphorus was wasted per kg fish produced. A socioeconomic survey on attitudes towards aquaculture adoption was carried out in four agricultural villages and a fishing port. This led to the construction and operation of a small pond demonstration unit. Results suggest that farmers are receptive and adoption of aquaculture as a complementary activity may be feasible and beneficial to rural development, especially in areas with existing water bodies. Economic modelling of the different production units involved showed returns to labour higher than the average agricultural wage. A computer-based Geographical Information System identified areas suitable for aquacultural development. Two major areas were identified: the northern Karst plains where gravel quarries are abundant and suitable for intensive cage-culture; and the southern hilly region where small-scale seasonal aquaculture could be developed.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:42:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:02:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:42:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:02:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / O presente estudo propõe uma alternativa para tratamento químico da urina para redução no consumo de água em descargas residenciais, possibilitando um maior tempo de permanência da água a ser descartada na bacia sanitária antes do acionamento da descarga. O processo consiste em neutralizar os componentes responsáveis pelo odor e cor característicos da urina a partir da reação química com dicloroisocianurato de sódio, NaDCC. O composto também apresenta ação bactericida podendo agir por um determinado período de tempo. Além disso, considera-se a adição de um componente indicador de nível de saturação do meio para otimizar o efeito sobre os aspectos estéticos e sanitários (odor, cor e presença de bactérias). O tratamento proposto deverá apresentar baixo custo estimulando a mudança de paradigmas por meio da conscientização da importância da redução do consumo de água nas residências. Pretende-se acompanhar o desempenho do processo proposto a partir de ensaios físico-químicos e microbiológicos. / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Thesis (M. Dev.) -- University of Limpopo, 2016 / The provision of basic water services delivery to all South African citizens is one of the biggest challenges of many local municipalities. The objective of this study was to explore water services delivery in the communities of Mukondeni village in Limpopo Province. The Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF) has the responsibility to ensure that all South Africans have access to basic water supply and emphasizes on speedy delivery of water and sanitation services. The Department of Water Affairs (DWA) is mandated with managing and protecting the country‘s water resources, with the National Regulator responsible for systems of accountability. The study evaluated the respondents of the communities, authorities responsible in water services delivery and the nature of the resources in water supply. The outcome of the study shows that, the communities and water services department (workers) were dissatisfied with the current water services delivery. Direct involvement, coordination and co-operation by the government, as well as developing a culture of empowering the local communities should bring better water services delivery to the village and to Mutale Local Municipality in general. The study recommends that one main pipeline from the plant to Mukondeni village should be installed and awareness campaigns for efficient and effective use of water should be launched. This should help ease and improve the present precarious situation.

Este estudo analisa o Programa Um MilhÃo de Cisternas (P!MC), considerando os aspectos da comunicaÃÃo e da sustentabilidade nas comunidades de Livramento, MunicÃpio de IrauÃuba, e Araponga, MunicÃpio de Itapipoca. Realizou-se uma pesquisa de campo nas duas comunidades, que constou da aplicaÃÃo de entrevistas dirigidas com 31 famÃlias de Livramento e Araponga; e entrevistas semi-estruturadas com lideranÃas locais comunitÃrias e integrantes das organizaÃÃes nÃo governamentais (ONGs) Esplar, Instituto SertÃo, Catavento ComunicaÃÃo e EducaÃÃo Ambiental, CÃritas Regional e CÃritas Diocesana de Itapipoca. A escolha das comunidades e das entidades foi em funÃÃo do perÃodo definido para realizaÃÃo da pesquisa: as fases piloto e de transiÃÃo do P1MC. TambÃm obedeceu ao critÃrio do nÃmero de cisternas construÃdas por comunidade e cobertura de emissoras de rÃdio. O marco teÃrico compÃs-se das categorias complexidade, desenvolvimento sustentÃvel e comunicaÃÃo, e suas respectivas conceituaÃÃes sobre era de relaÃÃes, racionalidade ambiental, saber ambiental e mediaÃÃes culturais. Concluiu-se que o P1MC, nas suas fases piloto e de transiÃÃo, foi o inÃcio de um processo que deverà levar tempo para a maturaÃÃo. Hà limitaÃÃes e desafios a vencer. A sustentabilidade da perspectiva de convivÃncia com o Semi-Ãrido, disseminada pelo P1MC, depende diretamente do nÃvel de envolvimento das famÃlias, nÃo sà nas aÃÃes objetivas de construÃÃo das cisternas mas, principalmente, na apreensÃo dos aspectos subjetivos do programa. / This study investigates the âA Million Cisterns Programâ (P1MC), considering aspects of comunication and sustainability at the community of Livramento, municipality of IrauÃuba, and the communitity of Araponga, municipality of Itapipoca. A field survey was carried out at both communities, consisting of oriented interviews with 31 famÃlies from Livramento and Araponga, and half-structured interviews with local leaders and members from the following non-governmental organizations: Esplar, Instituto SertÃo, Catavento ComunicaÃÃo e EducaÃÃo Ambiental, CÃritas Regional, and CÃritas Diocesana de Itapipoca.Communities and entities were selected according to the schedule defined for the research, covering the pilot and transition phases of P1MC. The criteria of the number of cisterns built by the community, and of radio station. The theoretical framework was composed around three concepts: complexity, sustainable development and comunication so, the scientific cathegories of era of relationships, environmental rationality, environmental knowledge and cultural mediations were explored. The conclusion is that the P1MC, in its pilot and transition phases, is only the beginning of a process that will requires more time to its maturation. There are limitations and challenges to be won. The sustainability of the perspective of living together with and within the Brazilian semiarid tropiocs, stated by P1MC, depends directly on the pledge of the families. This, what is needed are not only objective actions of cisterns building but, mainly, the absorption of subjetive aspects of the program.

DIAS, Ana Valéria Feitosa. Complexidade, desenvolvimento sustentável, comunicação - o Programa um Milhão de Cisternas em comunidades do Ceará. 2004. 200 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Coordenação do Curso de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente, Fortaleza-CE, 2004. / Submitted by demia Maia (demiamlm@gmail.com) on 2016-04-07T14:43:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2004_dis_avfdias.pdf: 1241499 bytes, checksum: d722acf1b6e3e61374874513e84f9431 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by demia Maia(demiamlm@gmail.com) on 2016-04-07T14:46:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2004_dis_avfdias.pdf: 1241499 bytes, checksum: d722acf1b6e3e61374874513e84f9431 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-07T14:46:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2004_dis_avfdias.pdf: 1241499 bytes, checksum: d722acf1b6e3e61374874513e84f9431 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / This study investigates the “A Million Cisterns Program” (P1MC), considering aspects of comunication and sustainability at the community of Livramento, municipality of Irauçuba, and the communitity of Araponga, municipality of Itapipoca. A field survey was carried out at both communities, consisting of oriented interviews with 31 famílies from Livramento and Araponga, and half-structured interviews with local leaders and members from the following non-governmental organizations: Esplar, Instituto Sertão, Catavento Comunicação e Educação Ambiental, Cáritas Regional, and Cáritas Diocesana de Itapipoca.Communities and entities were selected according to the schedule defined for the research, covering the pilot and transition phases of P1MC. The criteria of the number of cisterns built by the community, and of radio station. The theoretical framework was composed around three concepts: complexity, sustainable development and comunication so, the scientific cathegories of era of relationships, environmental rationality, environmental knowledge and cultural mediations were explored. The conclusion is that the P1MC, in its pilot and transition phases, is only the beginning of a process that will requires more time to its maturation. There are limitations and challenges to be won. The sustainability of the perspective of living together with and within the Brazilian semiarid tropiocs, stated by P1MC, depends directly on the pledge of the families. This, what is needed are not only objective actions of cisterns building but, mainly, the absorption of subjetive aspects of the program. / Este estudo analisa o Programa Um Milhão de Cisternas (P!MC), considerando os aspectos da comunicação e da sustentabilidade nas comunidades de Livramento, Município de Irauçuba, e Araponga, Município de Itapipoca. Realizou-se uma pesquisa de campo nas duas comunidades, que constou da aplicação de entrevistas dirigidas com 31 famílias de Livramento e Araponga; e entrevistas semi-estruturadas com lideranças locais comunitárias e integrantes das organizações não governamentais (ONGs) Esplar, Instituto Sertão, Catavento Comunicação e Educação Ambiental, Cáritas Regional e Cáritas Diocesana de Itapipoca. A escolha das comunidades e das entidades foi em função do período definido para realização da pesquisa: as fases piloto e de transição do P1MC. Também obedeceu ao critério do número de cisternas construídas por comunidade e cobertura de emissoras de rádio. O marco teórico compôs-se das categorias complexidade, desenvolvimento sustentável e comunicação, e suas respectivas conceituações sobre era de relações, racionalidade ambiental, saber ambiental e mediações culturais. Concluiu-se que o P1MC, nas suas fases piloto e de transição, foi o início de um processo que deverá levar tempo para a maturação. Há limitações e desafios a vencer. A sustentabilidade da perspectiva de convivência com o Semi-árido, disseminada pelo P1MC, depende diretamente do nível de envolvimento das famílias, não só nas ações objetivas de construção das cisternas mas, principalmente, na apreensão dos aspectos subjetivos do programa.