Thesis (M.S.)--University of Texas at El Paso, 2008. / Title from title screen. Vita. CD-ROM. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2009. / Title from title page screen (viewed on Mar. 12, 2010). Thesis advisor: Qiang He. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1970. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2009. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 169 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-75).

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 150 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 72-73).

Thesis--University of Wisconsin. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 155-156).

Thesis (M.Phil) - University of Queensland, 2003. / Includes bibliography.

xii, 78 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / Watershed councils in Oregon have been created and developed for collaborative watershed management since the 1990s. Although a lot of research has been conducted to examine the conceptual framework and practical experience of watershed councils, there have been fewer investigations of the outreach and education strategies used by watershed councils. The goal of this study is to identify the range of outreach strategies that have been used by watershed collaboratives and discuss how these strategies relate with councils focused at the organizational level compared to those focused at the action level. OWEB grant applications provide the major source of data for examining a sample of eighteen among more than ninety watershed councils in Oregon. The study results reveal that watershed councils' outreach strategies include direct involvement and public outreach. The planning of outreach is incorporated into mission statements, organizational governance, board member representatives and recruitment, decision-making processes, meetings, community events, watershed events, invitation and tracking, and outcome measures. Action and organizational groups use similar public outreach approaches but adopt different direct involvement strategies. Action councils rely more on direct involvement from participants in the community, while organizational councils are more likely to use partnerships to achieve their involvement goals. Three themes emerged from this research. Organizational councils need to create "in-group" awareness and connectivity to their watershed communities since these councils lack a sense of place-based identification. Social networks are important for action councils' outreach and education, but organizational groups depend more on interorganizational networks. Lastly, multiple levels of public participation are realized in the implementation of outreach strategies by watershed councils in Oregon. / Committee in charge: Dr. Richard D. Margerum, Chair; Dr. Patricia F. McDowell

The influence of the Tragedy of the Commons (Hardin, 1968) polarizes policy on common property resources into bimodal prescriptions--the state on the one hand and the market on the other. This study of community-based watershed management (CBWM) in Northern Thailand examines local institutions as an alternative to solve free rider problems in the commons. Four different communities--Ban Luang, Silalaeng, Thung Khao Hang, and Ban Pae--were selected for study. Field data was collected by participant observation, interview, and household survey. It was found that community-based watershed management originated from the need for water of the lowland rice farmers. This dependence on watersheds for a sustainable livelihood brought the peasants together to form CBWM institutions to regulate joint use, sustain yields, and exclude non-members. The emergence and continued strength of a CBWM system is closely associated with variables such as a small watershed, a small number of clearly-defined users, clearly-demarcated watershed boundaries, close proximity of the watershed to the village, moderately scarce watershed resources, and charismatic leaders. The definite geographical and social units of village community, dyadic relationships, and traditional reciprocities, when reinforced by norms, beliefs, and operational rules, are the foundation for cooperation and compliance with the rules by the majority of resource users. The villagers were highly satisfied with the efficiency and equity in resource use under the common property regime, as they evaluate the outcomes in terms of sustainable livelihood security rather than for short-term benefit. Minimal conflicts between de facto rights defined by local institutions and de jure rights defined by laws are also critical to institutional stability and help secure government recognition in CBWM. The incorporation of local communities into the larger political economic system and the penetration of the market economy into the rural areas have changed traditional reciprocities based on dyadic relationships. Thus, community-based watershed management systems have evolved through the development of collectively-organized rules to govern the use of scarce watershed resources. Over time, the operational rules of CBWM have become formal institutions as the village community is transformed into a territorial organization, eventually integrated into the mainstream society. This study demonstrates that there is an alternative to solve problems of the commons beyond the state and the market. Local institutional arrangements have been successful in managing several watersheds as the commons in Northern Thailand. It is suggested that co-management in the watersheds between the state and local communities is feasible in Northern Thailand. One potential strategy is to legalize CBWM institutions and empower the local communities to be able to manage their local watersheds effectively. / Graduate

Na região Sudoeste do Estado do Paraná, na área rural, os problemas ambientais relevantes concentram-se na degradação da cobertura pedológica e na erradicação da cobertura vegetal natural, pelo uso agrícola inadequado, o qual acelera a erosão hídrica poluindo os rios com material particulado, adubos e agrotóxicos. Para proporcionar uma perspectiva de sanar esses problemas, desenvolveu-se um estudo que tem a finalidade de contribuir com os métodos de gestão e monitoramento ambiental de microbacias hidrográficas dentro de uma visão integrada da morfodinâmica e transporte fluvial. Para execução dos trabalhos, foram selecionadas as bacias hidrográficas dos rios: Anta Gorda, no município de Santa Izabel do Oeste, Brinco, no município de Clevelândia, Coxilha Rica, no município de Itapejara do Oeste e Jirau, no município de Dois Vizinhos, todas no Sudoeste do Estado do Paraná. Essas bacias situam-se em locais estratégicos, com características físicas diferenciadas, principalmente no que tange a solos, clima e geomorfologia. O ambiente hídrico foi avaliado pela quantificação dos fluxos de material particulado e dissolvido transportado e pelo resgate de dados históricos da Companhia de Saneamento do Paraná - SANEPAR. Além disso, obteve-se o fator médio 0,6937 para conversão da tubidez em Unidades Nefelométricas de Turbidez - NTU, para material particulado em mg/L. Foi desenvolvida uma metodologia no ambiente do software SPRING, que usa os fatores da Equação Universal de Perdas de Solo - USLE e as perdas toleráveis para cada tipo de solo, para determinar as classes de capacidade de uso para a cobertura pedológica de cada bacia e com isso identificar as práticas conservacionistas mais adequadas. / In the Southwest area of the Paraná state, in the rural area, the relevant environmental problems concentrate on the degradation of the pedologic covering and on the eradication of the natural vegetable covering, due to inadequade agricultural use that accelerates the hydric erosion polluting rivers with particulated material and agricultural fertilizers and pesticides. To give a perspective of solving these problems, it was developed a study that has the purpose of contributing with the administration methods and environmental monitoring of watersheds within an integrated vision of the morphodynamic and fluvial transport. To the execution of the works, it was selected the watersheds of the rivers Anta Gorda in Santa Isabel do Oeste country, Brinco in Clevelândia country, Coxilha Rica in Itapejara D’ Oeste country and Jirau in Dois Vizinhos country, all in the Southwest of Paraná State. These basins are located at strategic places, with differentiated physical characteristics, mainly regarding to soil, climate and geomorphology. The hydric enviroment was evaluated by the quantification of the particled flows and dissolved material transported and by the rescue of historical data of Parana Sanitation Company - SANEPAR. Besides, it was obtained the medium factor 0,6937 for conversion of the turbidity in Nefelometric Turbidity Unit - NTU for particled material in mg/L. It was developed a methodology in software SPRING ambient that uses the factors of Universal Loss Equation (USLE) and the tolerable losses for each type of soil to determine the use capacity classes for the pedologic covering of each basin and then to identify the most appropriate conservationists practices.