We present the first determination of the radial velocities and metallicities of 78 red giant stars in the isolated dwarf irregular galaxy WLM. Observations of the calcium II triplet in these stars were made with FORS2 at the VLT-UT2 in two separated fields of view in WLM, and the [Fe/H] values were conformed to the \cite{CG97} ([Fe/H]$_{CG97}$) metallicity scale. The mean metallicity is $\langle$[Fe/H]$\rangle = -1.27 \pm 0.04$ dex, with a standard deviation of $\sigma = 0.37$. We find that the stars in the inner field are more metal rich by $\Delta$[Fe/H]$=0.30 \pm 0.06$ dex. These results are in agreement with previous photometric studies that found a radial population gradient, as well as the expectation of higher metallicities in the central star forming regions. Ages are estimated using Victoria-Regina stellar models, and we find that the youngest stars in the sample ($< 6$ Gyr) are more metal rich by $\Delta$[Fe/H]$= 0.32 \pm 0.08$ dex. These stars also show a lower velocity dispersion at all elliptical radii compared to those of the metal-poor stars. Additionally, the stellar kinematics suggest a velocity gradient approximately half that of the gas rotation curve, with the stellar components occupying a thicker disk decoupled from the H\,I rotation plane. Taken together, the kinematics, metallicities, and ages in our sample suggest a young metal-rich, and kinematically cold stellar population in the central gas-rich regions of WLM, surrounded by a separate dynamically hot halo of older, metal poor stars.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-05-30T22:35:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WildsonArcanjoDeMorais_TESE.pdf: 7950168 bytes, checksum: 6a3da8d5da57db90a9fa474b79780a53 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-06-01T21:32:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 WildsonArcanjoDeMorais_TESE.pdf: 7950168 bytes, checksum: 6a3da8d5da57db90a9fa474b79780a53 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-01T21:32:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WildsonArcanjoDeMorais_TESE.pdf: 7950168 bytes, checksum: 6a3da8d5da57db90a9fa474b79780a53 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-18 / A ind?stria de petr?leo necessita de v?rias subst?ncias qu?micas em seus processos de extra??o e investe em novas tecnologias a todo o momento. Os sistemas micelares do tipo-minhoca-WLM e os complexos polieletrol?ticos-PECs est?o sendo estudados para ingressar como novas tecnologias na extra??o de ?leo. Esta tese objetiva obter, caracterizar e identificar esses sistemas coloidais utilizando t?cnicas de espalhamento de luz como principais ferramentas; possibilitando o conhecimento de base para poss?veis aplica??es na ind?stria petrol?fera. Os par?metros obtidos no DLS, b, GC e n sofreram transi??es na concentra??o tensoativo/co-tensoativo 200g/L. A adi??o da fase ?leo, xileno, dificulta a transi??o de micelas esf?ricas para micelas minhoca. No SAXS, a rela??o RG,O/ RG,S atinge um m?ximo que corrobora com a transi??o no DLS. b aumenta bruscamente, n se torna mais homog?neo, GC,2 e a contribui??o para o segundo processo, f2, foram visualizados para raz?es poli?nion/polic?tion WAC pr?ximas de 2. Essa regi?o, no SAXS, aglomerados de PECs se adsorvem nas part?culas prim?rias, que contribuiu para o comportamento dos gr?ficos de Kratky. As fun??es P(r) perdem seu formato ?sino? e se alargam. As contribui??es de ?rea S17 e S29 foram maiores para menores valores de WAC e S37 foi influente em valores maiores. / The oil industry needs various chemicals compounds in their extraction processes and invests in new technologies all the time. Worm-like micelles-WLM and polyelectrolyte complexes-PECs have been studied to join as new technologias in oil extraction processes. This thesis aims to obtain, characterize and identify these colloidal systems using as a tool light scattering experiments; enabling the required knowledge to applied them in oil industry. To the surfactants systems, the parameters from DLS, b, GC and n in a function of surfactant/co-surfactant concentrations suffered transitions around 200 g/L. The addition of oil phase, xylene, hinders the transition from spherical micelles to worm-like micelles. In SAXS, the ratio RG,O/ RG,S reaches a maximum value which corroborates with the transition in DLS. To PECs, b increases sharply, n becomes more homogeneous, GC,2 and second contribution to the process, f2, were visualized for polyanion/polycation ratio with WAC next 2. This region in SAXS, PECs clusters adsorb in primary particles, which contributed to the behavior of Kratky graphics. The pair distribution functin, P(r), lose its bell shape and widen. The S17 and S29 were higher for lower values of WAC ratio. S37 was influential in higher values.