Oldenburg, University, Diss., 2004.

Freiburg (Breisgau), Universiẗat, Diss., 1996.

Zugl.: Hohenheim, Univ., Diss., 2006

No description available.

No description available.

Master of Landscape Architecture / Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning / Timothy D. Keane / Over the past 90 years Amman’s population has increased approximately 400 times from 5,000 inhabitants to over two million (Al Rawashdeh and Bassam 2006). As Amman’s population grows, so does their demand for clean water. The climate of Amman has produced only an average 595.5 mm (24.5 in) of rain per year from 1976 – 2005 (Jordan Meteorological Department, 2009). In addition to the need for more water, Amman is also confronted with congested traffic, deteriorating air quality and lack of public open space. Implementation of green or sustainable infrastructure in new urban development projects will aid in supporting the projected growth of Jordan’s capital city. Living machines, ephemeral water features and eco-roofs are ways of improving water quality. The flat roofs of old and new Amman architecture create opportunities for the implementation of eco-roofs with minimal amounts of effort. Ephemeral water features within open space creates a dynamic environment throughout the year. Landscaped parks and plazas will be a fusion of the rich history, culture, and place contributing to the city’s movement towards sustainability. Further study of the interaction between green infrastructure and pedestrian experience in Amman will determine what is possible in future urban development projects.

The methods developed in this study are for the purpose of assessing the potential of small-scale surface water impoundments, or ponds, to provide local water supplies and detain sediments from going to the main reservoir on the Wadi Zarat watershed, northwestern Libya. The Wadi Zarat watershed has an area of about 213 km2 and receives a mean annual rainfall of 270 mm. A stochastic rainfall model was developed to simulate rainfall. This model was then combined with a deterministic model to estimate runoff. A modification of the Soil Conservation Service runoff model was utilized. The results of the rainfall and runoff models were then used to estimate sediment yield using the Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation. Parameters for these models were obtained from data and studies on the Wadi Zarat watershed. A combined model that incorporates the rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield models along with equations to route the runoff and sediment through the ponds was developed. A FORTRAN V computer program was written to perform the tasks of the combined model. The computer program was designed to give the results for a set of pond performance criteria. These criteria were developed to provide an easy and comprehensive tool to compare the interaction of the pond with the rainfall, runoff, and sediment coming from a given watershed. To have a representative range of watershed-pond combination, a total of 8 watersheds, 8 ponds, and 2 seepage rates were examined. The models used gave satisfactory results and indicated a great potential for future use in other parts of the study area region and possibly other regions of the country. The results of the main model were used to develop relationships and guidelines that can be used by the planner to decide on a particular watershed-pond combination on the Wadi Zarat watershed. Equations to predict the optimum pond volume on a particular watershed size and characteristics were also developed. The study showed a great potential for small-scale surface water ponds on the Wadi Zarat watershed. The methods developed in this study are encouraging and open the door for future use in other parts of the country.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Universitetet i Uppsala, 1986. / Extra t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Errata slip inserted. Includes bibliographical references (p. 199-206).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Universitetet i Uppsala, 1986. / Extra t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Errata slip inserted. Includes bibliographical references (p. 199-206).

Grain size distribution, porosity, and hydraulic conductivity from over 400 unlithified sediment samples were analized. The measured hydraulic conductivity values were then compared to values calculated using 20 different empirical equations commonly used to estimate hydraulic conductivity from grain size analyses. It was found that most of the hydraulic conductivity values estimated from the empirical equations correlated very poorly to the measured hydraulic conductivity values. Modifications of the empirical equations, including changes to special coefficients and statistical off sets, were made to produce modified equations that considerably improve the hydraulic conductivity estimates from grain size data for beach, dune, off shore marine, and wadi sediments. Expected hydraulic conductivity estimation errors were reduced. Correction factors were proposed for wadi sediments, taking mud percentage and the standard deviation (in phi units) into account.