Graduation date: 1971

Thesis (Ph. D. - Renewable Natural Resources)--University of Arizona, 1986. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-92).

The black walnut, Juglans nigra L., is native to the United States (USA) and is a valuable timber and nut tree. Just before the beginning of the 21st century, several western states observed a decline in the health and, later, death of black walnut trees. The pathogen-vector complex now known as thousand cankers disease (TCD) was shown to be the cause. The disease, caused by Geosmithia morbida Kolařik, is vectored by the walnut twig beetle (WTB), Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman. Thousands of WTB will swarm and enter a tree vectoring the fungus at each entry point where cankers then develop, quickly expand, coalesce and kill the branch or stem. The disease has been confirmed across the USA and in parts of Europe. The research and development of resistant cultivars is important to maintain native populations and livelihoods. The purpose of this project was to evaluate black walnut and hybrid trees for resistance to TCD through direct inoculation with the pathogen G. morbida. Inoculation of limbs took place in early summer of 2015, 2016 and 2017 at the Cyril Reed Funk Research Farm in Richmond, UT and Dayton, ID. Inoculated limbs were removed from the tree after senescence and canker size measured. An average of 336 trees were inoculated. One tree consistently exhibited resistance to TCD indicated by no canker staining. An additional 14 trees exhibited resistance for two of the three years. The results of this project indicate that breeding for resistance to TCD could be a management option for the disease.

Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 25, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr. Robert L. Kallenbach. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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Thesis (M.S. - Renewable Natural Resources)--University of Arizona. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. / Also available via the Internet.

Present methods for the production of leather from animal hides still depend from the most part on the use of natural tannin extracts. During the year, 1952, the amount of natural tannin extracts used by the leather industry was 560,452,119 pounds as compared to 35,793,000 pounds of synthetic tanning materials. It is not as yet possible to produce synthetic materials as economically as the natural extracts; the result being that there is still a very great demand for natural tannin extracts. The need for finding new domestic sources of tannins is apparent when the amounts of domestic and imported extracts are compared. During the period 1940-1950, only 744,394,560 pounds of natural tannin extracts were produced domestically as compared to 1,579,244,280 pounds of tannin extracts which were imported. Tannins are known to occur in various parts of plants and they are also known to occur in the majority of the members of the plant kingdom. The purpose of this research is to investigate the feasibility of utilizing parts of the walnut tree as a source of tannins.

Silvopastoral management has potential to diversify and increase the output from livestock production systems. Silvopasture production offers solutions to many management issues associated with grazing systems in the Appalachian region. Several tree species have been proposed for silvopastures in humid temperate regions, but little data comparing animal performance from systems with different deciduous tree species are available. Forage and animal performance was compared from open systems (i.e., no trees) with that from silvopastures containing 13-yr-old honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos) or black walnut (Juglans nigra) trees. Cool-season grass-legume pastures were rotationally stocked with hair sheep crosses from mid-June through September. The objective of this project was to determine carcass characteristics and meat quality of hair sheep crosses grazing honey locust or black walnut silvopastures in comparison with traditional pasture systems. Forage production varied by year with black walnut having lower production, especially in the 2009 season with black walnut producing less forage compared to open pastures and honeylocust silvopastures (P=0.0008). Only small differences in forage nutritive value were observed. Total gains and average daily gains (ADG) did not differ by treatment in 2008, but during the 2009 season black walnut silvopastures produced half the total gains (P=0.0427) and ADG (P=0.0513) of open pastures and honeylocust silvopastures. Carcass characteristics evaluated did not vary among treatments except hot carcass weight with black walnut having lower weights (P=.0045). Meat quality characteristics did not vary among treatments (P>0.1). Shear force and fat content showed great differences and varied by year (P<0.05). Overall, carcass and meat quality was similar for all treatments showing great promise for silvopastures. / Master of Science